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[目的]通过两起因装卸导致多人急性顺丁稀二酸酐中毒事故的调查分析,引起企业和劳动者重视,避免类似中毒事故再次发生。[方法]对企业管理者及工人详细询问,了解24名工人发病情况及就诊经过,查阅患者就诊记录;同时对作业场所进行现场调查。[结果]中毒事故是由于包装袋破损,化学品顺丁烯二酸酐泄漏导致。依据《职业性急性化学物中毒性呼吸系统疾病诊断标准》分别诊断为职业性急性顺丁稀二酸酐接触反应(13例)、轻度中毒(8例)或中度中毒(3例)。[结论]装卸过程中包装破损,顺丁稀二酸酐粉尘泄漏导致职业性急性中毒事故,主要原因是企业疏于危险化学品相关管理,缺乏宣教和防护措施,工人个人防护意识淡薄。
[Objective] Through the investigation and analysis of two cases of acute maleic acidosis caused by loading and unloading, many enterprises and workers are paid attention to avoid the recurrence of similar poisoning accidents. [Methods] The enterprise managers and workers were asked in detail to understand the incidence of 24 workers and treatment, access to patient records; at the same time a site survey of workplaces. [Result] The poisoning accident was caused by the breakage of the bag and the chemical maleic anhydride leakage. Occupational acute maleic anhydride exposure (13 cases), mild poisoning (8 cases) or moderate poisoning (3 cases) were diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of occupational acute toxicant respiratory diseases. [Conclusion] The packaging was damaged in the process of loading and unloading, and the leakage of maleic acid dust caused by occupational acute poisoning was mainly due to the neglect of missionary and protective measures and the weak awareness of workers in personal protection.