论文部分内容阅读
摘要 禾谷鐮孢分生孢子定量接种是研究作物抗禾谷镰孢的必要手段。本试验利用绿豆（mung bean， MB）与羧甲基纤维素（carboxylmethyl cellulose， CMC）液体培养基在相同条件下培养禾谷镰孢，比较两种培养基对禾谷镰孢产孢效率的影响;并用两种培养基诱导分生孢子制成相同浓度孢子悬浮液，对75个玉米家系进行人工接种鉴定，检测不同培养基所产分生孢子致病性差异。结果表明，CMC培养基诱导分生孢子增长率（k2=1.125）大于MB培养基诱导增长率（k1=0.844）。在培养第14天，MB培养基诱导获得的分生孢子平均浓度为2.51×105个/mL，CMC培养基诱导的为3.62×105个/mL，比MB培养基诱导多44.22%。用两种培养基诱生的孢子进行田间接种，玉米穗腐病发病程度无明显差异。CMC培养基具有产孢快、孢子浓度高的优点，是一种适宜禾谷镰孢分生孢子诱生的高效液体培养基。
关键词 禾谷镰孢; 玉米穗腐病; 分生孢子; 培养基
中图分类号： S 435.121
文献标识码： A
DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019393
Abstract Artificial inoculation with the conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum is an important technique for studying the diseases of maize ear and wheat related to F.graminearum. In this study， we used mung bean （MB） medium and carboxylmethyl cellulose （CMC） medium to cultivate the conidia of F.graminearum to compare their cultivating efficiencies. The two kinds of media were used to prepare conidial suspensions for artificial inoculation. The suspensions of F.graminearum from MB and CMC media were separately used to inoculate 75 families of maize recombinant inbred lines （RIL）， in order to observe the differences in the infectious potential of the two suspensions. The results showed that， under the same conditions， the growth rates of F.graminearum spores in CMC medium （k2） and MB medium （k1） were 1.125 and 0.844， respectively. Higher growth rate led to higher spore concentration. After 14 days of incubation， the concentrations of F.graminearum conidia in MB medium and CMC medium were 2.51×105 spores/mL and 3.62×105 spores/mL， respectively， and the first was 44.22% higher than the latter. The ear rot identification after artificial inoculation indicated that there was no significant difference in maize ear rot infection between MB and CMC spore suspensions for the same concentration. Therefore， CMC medium was a more effective culture for producing F.graminearum conidia， because more spores could be harvested from CMC medium in a shorter time than from MB medium.
Key words Fusarium graminearum; maize ear rot; conidium; culture medium
禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum是玉米穗腐病的主要致病菌[1]，也是小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病的重要病原菌[2-6]。禾谷镰孢主要侵染小麦、大麦、玉米和其他禾本科作物，在世界范围内均可造成病害发生，严重影响作物产量和品质[3-4]。在我国，禾谷镰孢可造成玉米10%～20%的田间损失率，高感品种损失率甚至高达65%[5];我国北方冬小麦夏玉米一年两作轮作区或两年三作区内，小麦赤霉病和玉米茎基腐病均有发生，经济损失巨大[6]。利用禾谷镰孢分生孢子进行定量接种是研究玉米穗腐病和小麦赤霉病等以禾谷镰孢为致病菌的病害发生规律、品种抗性鉴定和防治技术的必不可少的手段。禾谷镰孢一般通过分生孢子侵染宿主，因此获得适宜的禾谷镰孢分生孢子悬浮液是进行禾谷镰孢相关病害定量接种和抗性鉴定的基础。禾谷镰孢在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基（potato dextrose agar，PDA）上只能进行营养生长而几乎不产生分生孢子[7]，其大型分生孢子的诱生需采用其他培养基。目前常见的禾谷镰孢分生孢子诱生培养基主要有康乃馨叶琼脂（carnation leaf agar，CLA）培养基[8]、绿豆（mung bean，MB）液体培养基[9-11]和羧甲基纤维素（carboxylmethyl cellulose， CMC）培养基。生产上利用CLA培养基产孢需要近紫外光的诱导，且产生的大型分生孢子数量少，难以达到田间接种时的菌液浓度要求，故实际应用不多。本文将利用MB培养基和CMC培养基对禾谷镰孢进行分生孢子产孢培养，比较两种培养基的禾谷镰孢产孢效率，并用两种培养基获得的禾谷镰孢分生孢子配制相同浓度孢子悬浮液进行田间接种，研究两种培养基所诱生的禾谷镰孢分生孢子对玉米的致病性差异。 由兩个函数可见，MB培养基增长曲线中增长率k1=0.844，而CMC培养基增长曲线中增长率k2=1.125， k2
关键词 禾谷镰孢; 玉米穗腐病; 分生孢子; 培养基
中图分类号： S 435.121
文献标识码： A
DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019393
Abstract Artificial inoculation with the conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum is an important technique for studying the diseases of maize ear and wheat related to F.graminearum. In this study， we used mung bean （MB） medium and carboxylmethyl cellulose （CMC） medium to cultivate the conidia of F.graminearum to compare their cultivating efficiencies. The two kinds of media were used to prepare conidial suspensions for artificial inoculation. The suspensions of F.graminearum from MB and CMC media were separately used to inoculate 75 families of maize recombinant inbred lines （RIL）， in order to observe the differences in the infectious potential of the two suspensions. The results showed that， under the same conditions， the growth rates of F.graminearum spores in CMC medium （k2） and MB medium （k1） were 1.125 and 0.844， respectively. Higher growth rate led to higher spore concentration. After 14 days of incubation， the concentrations of F.graminearum conidia in MB medium and CMC medium were 2.51×105 spores/mL and 3.62×105 spores/mL， respectively， and the first was 44.22% higher than the latter. The ear rot identification after artificial inoculation indicated that there was no significant difference in maize ear rot infection between MB and CMC spore suspensions for the same concentration. Therefore， CMC medium was a more effective culture for producing F.graminearum conidia， because more spores could be harvested from CMC medium in a shorter time than from MB medium.
Key words Fusarium graminearum; maize ear rot; conidium; culture medium
禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum是玉米穗腐病的主要致病菌[1]，也是小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病的重要病原菌[2-6]。禾谷镰孢主要侵染小麦、大麦、玉米和其他禾本科作物，在世界范围内均可造成病害发生，严重影响作物产量和品质[3-4]。在我国，禾谷镰孢可造成玉米10%～20%的田间损失率，高感品种损失率甚至高达65%[5];我国北方冬小麦夏玉米一年两作轮作区或两年三作区内，小麦赤霉病和玉米茎基腐病均有发生，经济损失巨大[6]。利用禾谷镰孢分生孢子进行定量接种是研究玉米穗腐病和小麦赤霉病等以禾谷镰孢为致病菌的病害发生规律、品种抗性鉴定和防治技术的必不可少的手段。禾谷镰孢一般通过分生孢子侵染宿主，因此获得适宜的禾谷镰孢分生孢子悬浮液是进行禾谷镰孢相关病害定量接种和抗性鉴定的基础。禾谷镰孢在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基（potato dextrose agar，PDA）上只能进行营养生长而几乎不产生分生孢子[7]，其大型分生孢子的诱生需采用其他培养基。目前常见的禾谷镰孢分生孢子诱生培养基主要有康乃馨叶琼脂（carnation leaf agar，CLA）培养基[8]、绿豆（mung bean，MB）液体培养基[9-11]和羧甲基纤维素（carboxylmethyl cellulose， CMC）培养基。生产上利用CLA培养基产孢需要近紫外光的诱导，且产生的大型分生孢子数量少，难以达到田间接种时的菌液浓度要求，故实际应用不多。本文将利用MB培养基和CMC培养基对禾谷镰孢进行分生孢子产孢培养，比较两种培养基的禾谷镰孢产孢效率，并用两种培养基获得的禾谷镰孢分生孢子配制相同浓度孢子悬浮液进行田间接种，研究两种培养基所诱生的禾谷镰孢分生孢子对玉米的致病性差异。 由兩个函数可见，MB培养基增长曲线中增长率k1=0.844，而CMC培养基增长曲线中增长率k2=1.125， k2