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【目的】探讨乳腺癌患者血清淋巴细胞亚群中辅助性 T 淋巴细胞1型／辅助性 T 淋巴细胞2型（T h1／T h2）的变化，为分析乳腺癌的发生发展和临床治疗提供免疫学指标。【方法】应用酶联免疫分析法（ELISA），测定46例乳腺癌患者和30例正常人组Th1型细胞因子[以白细胞介素‐2（IL‐2）、干扰素‐γ（INF‐γ）和肿瘤坏死因子‐α（T N F‐α）水平代表]和T h2型细胞因子[以白细胞介素‐4（IL‐4）、白细胞介素‐6（IL‐6）、白细胞介素‐8（ IL‐8）、白细胞介素‐10（ IL‐10）的水平代表]并将结果进行比较。【结果】乳腺癌患者 IL‐2、IN F‐γ的水平明显低正常对照组，且两组相比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）；IL‐4、IL‐6、IL‐8、IL‐10、T N F‐α的水明显高于正常对照组，且两组相比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）。随着癌症分期的进展，乳腺癌患者血清IL‐2、IN F‐γ水平降低，T N F‐α、IL‐4、IL‐8、IL‐10水平升高，且差异均有显著性（ P ＜0．05）。【结论】乳腺癌患者外周血呈现 T h1／T h2细胞因子失衡，其中 T h1亚群功能抑制，T h2亚群功能亢进，其与肿瘤在宿主体内生长密切相关，通过纠正这些免疫失调将成为乳腺癌治疗的重要手段。“,”Objective] To explore the changes of T‐lymphocyte helper 1/2(Th1/Th2) of lymphocyte sub‐sets in serum of patients with breast cancer in order to provide immunological indexes for the analysis of occur‐rence and development and clinical treatment .[Methods] Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect serum levels of Th1‐type cytokines(IL‐2 ,INF‐γand TNF‐α) and Th2‐type cytokines(IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐8 and IL‐10) in 45 patients with breast cancer and 30 normal subjects .The results were compared .[Re‐sults] The levels of IL‐2 and INF‐γin breast cancer group were obviously lower than those in normal control group ,and there were significant differences between two groups( P<0 .05) .The levels of IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐8 , IL‐10 and TNF‐αin breast cancer group were obviously higher than those in normal control group ,and there was significant difference between two groups( P<0 .05) .With the progression of cancer stage ,the levels of IL‐2 and INF‐γin patients with breast cancer were decreased ,while the levels of TNF‐α,IL‐4 ,IL‐8 and IL‐10 were increased ,and there was significant difference( P < 0 .05) .[Conclusion] Patients with breast cancer have the unbalance of Th1/Th2 cytokines in peripheral blood .The function of Th1 subsets is inhibited ,while the function of Th2 subsets is enhanced ,which is closely associated with the growth of tumor in the host .Cor‐recting these immune dysfunctions will be the important measures for the treatment of breast cancer .