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[目的]了解狂犬病暴露者接种狂犬病疫苗后的免疫效果,探讨预防策略。[方法]观察疫苗使用者的反应情况,随机抽取624例狂犬病暴露者接种狂犬病疫苗5针(0、3、7、14、28d)后10～20d采集静脉血,采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定狂犬病毒(RV)IgG抗体。[结果]报告接种反应发生率为9.35/万,无严重不良反应;624例暴露者接种疫苗后RV-IgG抗体阳性594人,平均阳性率95.19%;男、女暴露者RV-IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.719,P﹥0.05);﹤15岁人群抗体阳性率最高100%,﹥65岁率最低为90.48%,随年龄增大抗体阳性率呈下降趋势,各年龄组间抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.146,P﹤0.01);大连金港安迪、辽宁依生、辽宁成大、宁波荣安、武汉5家生物所的疫苗抗体阳性率之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=8.638,P﹥0.01),但均高于长春生物所χ2=95.446,P﹤0.01);大连金港安迪、辽宁成大、宁波荣安3所各批号疫苗抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.02、1.26、0.22,P均﹥0.05)。[结论]国产狂犬病疫苗免疫效果好;年龄小者免疫效果优于年长者;除个别外多数厂家疫苗免疫效果差异不大;暴露后使用国产疫苗能够起到预防狂犬病作用。
[Objective] To understand the immune effect of rabies vaccination rabies vaccine to explore preventive strategies. [Methods] The responses of the vaccine users were observed. Six rabbits were randomly selected to receive venous blood 10 to 20 days after inoculation of rabies vaccine (0, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days), and indirect immunosorbent assay ELISA) for the detection of rabies virus (RV) IgG antibodies. [Results] The reported incidence of inoculation was 9.35 / million with no serious adverse reactions. The positive rate of RV-IgG antibody in 624 exposed persons was 594, the average positive rate was 95.19%. The positive rate of RV-IgG in male and female exposed persons The difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.719, P> 0.05); <15 years old population antibody positive rate of 100%,> 65 years, the lowest rate of 90.48%, with increasing age antibody positive rate showed a downward trend in all age groups (Χ2 = 19.146, P <0.01). There was no statistical difference in the antibody positive rate among the five biologics from Dalian Jingang Andy, Liaoning Yisheng, Liaoning Chengda, Ningbo Rong’an and Wuhan (Χ2 = 8.638, P> 0.01), but both of them were higher than that of Changchun (χ2 = 95.446, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the antibody positive rates among the three batches of vaccines in Dalian Golden Port Andy, Liaoning Chengda and Ningbo Rong’an Statistical significance (χ2 = 1.02,1.26,0.22, P> 0.05). [Conclusion] Domestic Rabies vaccines have good immunization effect; young ones have better immunization effects than older ones; most of the vaccine manufacturers except for a few do not show any significant difference in immune effects; domestic vaccines after vaccination can prevent rabies.