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一株玉米一生究竟需要消耗多少水,目前尚无定论。国内外许多著作中,一株玉米一生蒸腾耗水量常常引用“200kg”这一数据。在《中国玉米栽培学》中,则提出了蒸腾耗水量为80kg/株,两者相差2.5倍。文章通过中国科学院禹城综合试验站大量的玉米农田蒸发实验数据,分析了生长在自然条件下单株玉米的蒸腾耗水量和玉米平均总耗水(包括蒸腾量和棵间蒸发量),得到如下结果:①单株春玉米的总耗水量为100kg/株左右,蒸腾耗水量为60kg/株左右;②华北平原夏玉米总耗水量为50~80kg/株,蒸腾耗水量为30~40kg/株;③只要土壤水分不出现长期干旱,土壤水分状况不会对单株玉米耗水量产生大的影响;④种植密度对单株玉米需水量产生重大影响,当玉米种植密度由5.0×104株/hm2增至10.0×104株/hm2时,总耗水量仅增加13.18%,而单株耗水量减少了44.48%。这些数据可供参考。
How much water a corn actually needs to be consumed in a lifetime is not known yet. Many domestic and foreign books, a corn transpiration water consumption often quoted “200kg ” this data. In “China Corn Cultivation”, it is proposed a transpiration water consumption of 80kg / strain, a difference of 2.5 times. In this paper, a large number of experiment data of evapotranspiration of maize field in Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences were used to analyze the transpiration water consumption and the average total water consumption (including transpiration and intercropping) of single corn under natural conditions. Results: ① The total water consumption of single spring corn was about 100kg / plant and the transpiration water consumption was about 60kg / plant. ② The total water consumption of summer maize in North China Plain was 50-80kg / plant and the transpiration water consumption was 30-40kg / plant ; ③ As long as long-term drought does not occur in soil moisture, the soil water condition will not have a significant impact on the water consumption per plant; ④ The planting density has a significant impact on the water requirement per plant. When the planting density of corn is 5.0 × 104 plants / hm2 Increasing to 10.0 × 104 plants / hm2, the total water consumption increased by only 13.18%, while the water consumption per plant decreased by 44.48%. These data are for reference.