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目的分析越秀区水痘监测病例及聚集性疫情的流行病学特征,为今后开展水痘防控提供科学依据。方法对传染病监测系统报告的病例及学校缺勤报告系统上报的聚集疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2011-2015年越秀区共报告监测病例6 758例,报告年均发病率为115.05/10万,15岁以下儿童报告病例数为4 011例,占总病例数的59.35%,年均发病率为618.51/10万,3~6岁组发病率最高(χ~2=3 276.8,P<0.001)。发病高峰为4-5月和11月至次年1月。共报告聚集疫情106起,病例数623例,总罹患率0.51%,幼儿园罹患率最高(χ2=373.215,P<0.001)。首发病例发生与报告处理时间间隔中位数为5 d,该指标与病例数、疫情持续时间呈正相关(r=0.387,P<0.001;r=0.632,P<0.001)。结论 15岁以下儿童是水痘疫情防控的重点人群,学校聚集性疫情要做到早发现、早报告、早处理,并通过广泛的宣传教育提高水痘疫苗接种率来提升人群免疫水平。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Yuexiu district and its epidemic situation and provide a scientific basis for future prevention and control of chickenpox. Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the reported cases of the communicable disease surveillance system and the aggregated epidemic situation data reported by the school absence reporting system. Results A total of 6 758 surveillance cases were reported in Yuexiu District from 2011 to 2015, with an average annual incidence rate of 115.05 / 100 000. The number of reported cases of children under 15 years old was 4 011, accounting for 59.35% of the total number of cases. The average annual incidence rate Was 618.51 / 100000, the highest incidence was found in 3 ~ 6 years old group (χ ~ 2 = 3 276.8, P <0.001). The peak incidence of 4-May and November to January next year. A total of 106 cases of outbreaks were reported, with a total of 623 cases and a total attack rate of 0.51%. Kindergartens had the highest attack rate (χ2 = 373.215, P <0.001). The median time between onset and reporting of the first case was 5 days, which was positively correlated with the number of cases and the duration of the outbreak (r = 0.387, P <0.001; r = 0.632, P <0.001). Conclusions Children under 15 years of age are the key population for the prevention and control of chickenpox. The epidemic of school-based epidemics should be early detected, reported as early as possible and dealt with earlier, and the vaccination rate of chickenpox should be raised through a wide range of publicity and education so as to enhance the immunity of the population.