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目的了解首都儿科研究所住院患儿中枢神经系统(CNS)感染性疾病的流行病学特点。方法对1997年1月-2006年12月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院住院的972例临床确诊为CNS感染性疾病患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析,入选病例急性期血清和(或)脑脊液病原学的检测包括细菌和真菌涂片、培养及快速病原学诊断;病毒抗体、肺炎支原体抗体、结核抗体检测。结果1.CNS感染性疾病病例占同期内科住院总人数的1.76%。2.CNS感染性疾病的主要病种:病毒性脑炎747例,细菌性脑膜炎177例,支原体脑炎21例,结核性脑膜炎12例。3.CNS感染性疾病患儿972例中男:女比例为1.72:1.0。发病年龄为(4.75±4.03)岁。4.血清和(或)脑脊液病原学检测阳性的病例共283例(29.12%),细菌学检测阳性者48/177例(27.12%),其中以肺炎链球菌(4.52%)、大肠埃希菌(3.39%)、脑膜炎双球菌(3.39%)、流感嗜血杆菌B(Hib,3.39%)为主;病毒抗体阳性者210/747例(28.11%),主要为疱疹病毒[128/747例(17.14%)]及肠道病毒[91/747例(12.18%)]。结论CNS感染性疾病是内科住院患儿中重要病种之一。病毒及细菌是儿童CNS感染性疾病的主要感染原。肺炎链球菌、大肠埃希菌、脑膜炎双球菌、Hib是本院细菌性脑膜炎的主要致病菌;疱疹病毒及肠道病毒是本院病毒性脑炎的主要病原。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of central nervous system (CNS) infectious diseases in hospitalized children in Capital Institute of Pediatrics. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 972 children with CNS-infected disease who were hospitalized at the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 1997 to December 2006. The clinical data of patients with CNS-infected diseases were retrospectively analyzed. Acute phase serum and / or cerebrospinal fluid Etiological tests include bacterial and fungal smear, culture and rapid etiological diagnosis; virus antibodies, Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies, tuberculosis antibody testing. Results 1.CNS cases of infectious diseases accounted for 1.76% of the total number of hospitalized in the same period. The main diseases of CNS infectious diseases were 747 cases of viral encephalitis, 177 cases of bacterial meningitis, 21 cases of mycoplasma encephalitis and 12 cases of tuberculous meningitis. In 972 children with CNS infectious diseases, the male to female ratio was 1.72: 1.0. The age of onset was (4.75 ± 4.03) years old. Serum and / or cerebrospinal fluid etiology detected positive cases a total of 283 cases (29.12%), bacteriological tests positive 48/177 cases (27.12%), of which Streptococcus pneumoniae (4.52%), Escherichia coli (3.39%), meningococcus (3.39%) and Hib (3.39%). 210/747 (28.11%) were positive for the virus antibody, mainly herpes virus [128/747 cases (17.14%)] and enterovirus [91/747 (12.18%)]. Conclusion CNS infection is one of the most important inpatients with medical inpatients. Viruses and bacteria are the major infectious agents of CNS infectious diseases in children. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, meningococcus, Hib is the main bacterial pathogenic bacteria meningitis; herpes virus and enterovirus is the main cause of this hospital viral encephalitis.