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目的了解广州地区15岁及以上居民脂蛋白代谢紊乱的流行特征及影响因素,为心脑血管疾病的早期预防及干预提供科学依据。方法运用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取广州市9 600户家庭,对抽取户的15岁及以上居民进行问卷调查和体格检查,问卷内容包括调查对象家庭的一般情况、日常生活情况、脂蛋白代谢紊乱等慢性病患病情况,体格检查项目包括身高、体重、腰围、臀围及血压等。分别采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析方法对脂蛋白代谢紊乱患病的影响因素进行分析。结果共调查15岁及以上居民23 994人,男女性别比为1∶1.03,其中年龄以35~44岁(20.3%)、学历以初中、高中/中专(54.2%)、职业以未就业(21.7%)为主。居民自报的脂蛋白代谢紊乱患病率为1.47%(352/23 994)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄为55~65岁(OR=1.34)、高中/中专或大专及以上(OR=2.37、3.17)、离退休人群(OR=2.65)、新诊断或已诊断高血压(OR=1.54、5.26)、自报糖尿病(OR=2.33)、BMI异常(OR=2.78~10.33)是居民脂蛋白代谢紊乱的独立危险因素,而年龄为25~34、35~44(OR=0.13、0.46)、每日水果摄入量≥200 g(OR=0.77)是居民脂蛋白代谢紊乱的保护因素(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论广州地区成年人脂蛋白代谢紊乱自报的总体患病率较低,建议加强各社区高危人群筛查、提高人群对相关疾病的认知。合理的饮食、控制体重和防治高血压和糖尿病是预防减少脂蛋白代谢紊乱的有效措施。
Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of lipoprotein metabolism disorders in residents aged 15 years and over in Guangzhou and to provide scientific basis for early prevention and intervention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods A multistage cluster random sampling method was used to sample 9 600 families in Guangzhou and to conduct questionnaires and physical examinations of residents aged 15 years and over. The contents of the questionnaire included the general situation of the surveyed families, daily life, Metabolic disorders and other chronic diseases prevalence, physical examination items include height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of the disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. Results A total of 23 994 residents aged 15 and over were surveyed. The sex ratio was 1: 1.03. Among them, the age was from 35 to 44 years old (20.3%), with junior high school, high school and technical secondary school (54.2% 21.7%) based. Residents reported a prevalence of apolipoprotein metabolism disorder of 1.47% (352/23 994). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age was from 55 to 65 years old (OR = 1.34), high school / technical secondary school or above (OR = 2.37,3.17), retired (OR = 2.65), newly diagnosed or diagnosed Hypertension (OR = 1.54,5.26), self-reported diabetes (OR = 2.33), and abnormal BMI (OR = 2.78-10.33) were independent risk factors for metabolic disturbance of lipoprotein in residents, while the age ranged from 25 to 34, 35 to 44 OR = 0.13,0.46). The daily intake of fruits ≥200 g (OR = 0.77) was the protective factor for the disturbance of lipoprotein metabolism (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion In Guangzhou, the overall prevalence of self-reported lipoprotein metabolism disorder is relatively low. It is suggested that the screening of high-risk groups should be strengthened in all communities in order to increase the population’s cognition of related diseases. A reasonable diet, weight control and prevention and treatment of hypertension and diabetes are effective measures to prevent the reduction of metabolic disorders of lipoproteins.