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目的通过对西昌市麻疹发病流行病学调查,探讨控制与消除麻疹的对策。方法对1987年1月-1997年10月间发生的麻疹病例进行年龄、职业、时间、地区、疫苗接种等因素分析及麻疹抗体水平检测。结果 10年间共发生麻疹病例710例,平均年发病率为13.92/10万;最高为1993年173例(34.61/10万),最低为1992年10例(1.96/10万),无死亡病例。全年均可发病,以冬春季较多;主要集中在农村;以散居儿童为主(28.31%),其次为小学生(26.48%)。其中男406例(57.18%),女304人(42.82%),710例中最小年龄6个月,最大年龄40岁。结论麻疹发病年龄组提前和后移,提示除搞好计划免疫外,还应加强麻疹疫苗大年龄组复种和扩大疫苗履盖面。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological investigation on the incidence of measles in Xichang and discuss the countermeasures of controlling and eliminating measles. Methods The measles cases occurred between January 1987 and October 1997 were analyzed in terms of age, occupation, time, area, vaccination and measles antibody levels. Results A total of 710 measles cases occurred in 10 years, with an average annual incidence of 13.92 / lakh. The highest incidence was 173 cases (34.61 / lakh) in 1993 and the lowest was 10 cases (1.96 / lakh) in 1992 with no deaths. The disease can occur throughout the year, with more winters and winters, mainly in rural areas, with mainly scattered children (28.31%), followed by primary school students (26.48%). There were 406 males (57.18%) and 304 females (42.82%), the youngest was 6 months and the oldest was 40 years. Conclusion The age group of measles advance ahead and backward, suggesting that in addition to do a good plan immunization, but also to strengthen the large age groups of measles vaccination and expand vaccine coverage.