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目的了解十堰市高校大学生营养状况、态度及饮食行为,为开展营养健康教育提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法对该市2所高校在校大学生进行问卷调查,采用自行设计的营养状况、态度及饮食行为调查问卷,对2所大学问卷结果进行比较分析。结果医学生489名,师范生292名,共781名。781名学生中营养不良229名(29.32%),营养正常518例(66.33%),营养过剩34例(4.35%);医学生营养不良发生率(31.08%)高于师范生(26.37%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);营养过剩发生率师范生(6.51%)高于医学生(3.07%)(P<0.05)。大多数学生具有较好的营养态度,医学生营养态度明显优于师范生,除“凭借口感选择食物”和“认为现在膳食不合理”2项问题外,其余问题的回答医学生与师范生比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。仅23.52%的医学生和8.90%的师范生参加过与营养知识有关的活动。781名学生中有28.94%的学生不吃早餐;不吃早餐师范生的比例高于医学生,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。无论是医学生还是师范生不吃早餐的学生较吃早餐的学生更容易发生营养不良(P<0.05)。结论该市高校学生营养不良发生率较高,医学生的营养态度比师范生更积极,但部分大学生饮食行为不佳,不良饮食行为更容易导致营养不良,学校需对学生加强营养健康教育。
Objective To understand the nutritional status, attitude and eating behavior of university students in Shiyan City, and to provide the basis for nutrition and health education. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to survey the undergraduates of 2 universities in the city. The self-designed nutritional status, attitude and diet behavior questionnaire were used to analyze the questionnaire results of 2 universities. Results 489 medical students, 292 normal students, a total of 781. Among the 781 students, 229 were malnourished (29.32%), 518 were normal nutrition (66.33%), and 34 were malnutrition (4.35%). The incidence of malnutrition was higher in medical students (31.08% But the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The prevalence of overnutrition in normal school students (6.51%) was higher than that of medical students (3.07%) (P <0.05). Most students have a good nutritional attitude, medical students nutrition attitude was significantly better than normal students, in addition to “choose food with taste” and “think the current diet is not reasonable,” 2 questions, the rest of the answer to the medical students Compared with normal students, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Only 23.52% of medical students and 8.90% of normal students participated in nutrition-related activities. 28.94% of 781 students did not eat breakfast; the proportion of students who did not eat breakfast was higher than that of medical students, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Students who either did not eat breakfast or did not eat breakfast were more likely to suffer from malnutrition than those who had breakfast (P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition among college students in this city is relatively high. The malnutrition attitude of medical students is more positive than that of normal students. However, some college students have poor dietary behaviors and poor eating behavior can lead to malnutrition. Schools need to strengthen their nutrition and health education.