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比喻和比拟是两个在研究和实际运用中常见又容易混淆的辞格。虽然从陈望道所著《修辞学发凡》开始,学术界就试图对两个辞格做比较明确的区分,但有关理论至今仍有待完善。一些研究者将比喻与比拟混同,或视二者同义,或将比拟看成比喻之一种。实际运用中,比喻与比拟的辨析也是中小学教学难点。本文清理了二者混淆的主要原因,并对一些疑难句进行辨析。
Metaphor and comparison are two common and easily confused figures of speech in research and practical use. Although Chen Zhidao’s “Rhetoric” has started, academics have tried to make a clear distinction between the two figures of speech. However, the theory still needs to be improved. Some researchers compare metaphors to simulations or treat them as synonyms or compare them to metaphors. In practice, metaphors and comparative analysis is also a difficult teaching in primary and secondary schools. This article has cleaned up the main reasons for the confusion between the two and analyzed some difficult sentences.