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目的研究工人汞职业暴露与子女发汞水平的关系。方法选择节能灯生产企业汞作业工人65人为暴露组,另在无汞暴露企业选配年龄、性别、吸烟状况相近的作业工人65人为对照组,暴露组子女63人,对照组子女62人,采集研究对象头发样品,检测发汞含量,并检测工人汞暴露水平,调查其卫生习惯。结果暴露组注汞岗位汞蒸汽浓度为(0.365±0.350)mg/m3、接小脚岗位为(0.175±0.105)mg/m3、排气岗位为(0.431±0.045)mg/m3、老练岗位为(0.058±0.020)mg/m3,对照组各车间汞蒸汽浓度低于检出限。暴露组下班时的洗手率为35.41%、洗澡率为18.53%、更衣率为16.92%,上班期间戴防毒面具率为16.91%。暴露组和对照组发汞含量分别为(7.15±3.37)和(0.66±0.04)μg/g,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。暴露组子女发汞含量为(2.45±1.36)μg/g,明显高于对照组(0.68±0.21)μg/g(P<0.01)。暴露组子女发汞含量随父母发汞含量增高而增高,呈递增趋势(P<0.01),戴防毒面具对暴露组有影响(P<0.01),暴露组洗澡对子女发汞含量有影响(P<0.01)。结论工人汞职业暴露及其不良卫生习惯可导致子女发汞水平升高。
Objective To study the relationship between worker mercury exposure and mercury levels in children. Sixty-five mercury-exposed workers in the CFL production enterprises were selected as the exposure group. Sixty-five workers with similar age, sex and smoking status were selected as the control group. There were 63 children exposed and 62 children in the control group collected The subjects’ hair samples were tested for mercury content, and mercury exposure levels were measured to investigate their hygiene habits. Results The mercury vapor concentration in mercury injection was (0.365 ± 0.350) mg / m3 in the exposed group, (0.175 ± 0.105) mg / m3 in the post and (0.431 ± 0.045) mg / m3 in the post exposure and ± 0.020) mg / m3, mercury vapor concentration in each control group was lower than the detection limit. The exposure rate of the exposed group was 35.41% when it was off duty, the bathing rate was 18.53%, the dressing rate was 16.92%, and the gas mask was 16.91% during the working hours. The levels of mercury in the exposed and control groups were (7.15 ± 3.37) and (0.66 ± 0.04) μg / g, respectively, with statistical significance (P <0.01). The level of mercury in the exposed group was (2.45 ± 1.36) μg / g, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.68 ± 0.21) μg / g (P <0.01). The content of mercury in the hair of the exposed group increased with the increase of the mercury content in the parents, showing an increasing trend (P <0.01). The wearing of gas masks had an impact on the exposed group (P <0.01) <0.01). Conclusions Occupational exposure of workers to mercury and their unhealthy hygiene practices can lead to elevated mercury levels in their children.