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1进入21世纪后美国钢铁行业的变化1.1钢材进口的增加自20世纪90年代末美国钢铁业的环境发生了大幅度的变化,进入21世纪之后,这一变化更为明显。该变化的契机是来自外国的钢材进口的增加。向美国的钢材进口,1997年与上一年相比增加了6.8%,达到3116万净吨,超过了1994年的记录3007万净吨,成为历史新高。进而,1998年与上一年相比增加了33.3%,达到4152万净吨,又更新了记录。这是因为,上半年国内生产不能满足高水平的钢铁需求,在发生了一部分供给不足的状态下,到夏季为止就签订了包含美国工厂在内的半制品、热带材等购入的进口协议。
1 Changes in the US Steel Industry After Entering the 21st Century 1.1 Increasing Import of Steel Since the late 1990s, the environment in the U.S. steel industry has undergone significant changes. After the 21st century, this change has become even more evident. The turning point of this change is the increase of steel imports from foreign countries. Steel imports to the United States increased by 6.8% in 1997 from a year earlier to 31.16 million tons of net tons, surpassing the record of 30.7 million tons of net tons in 1994 and a record high. Furthermore, there was an increase of 33.3% in 1998 from the previous year to 41.52 million net tons, which was updated again. This is because, in the first half of this year, domestic production failed to meet the high level of steel demand. In the event of a partial supply shortage, an import agreement was signed for the acquisition of semi-finished products, tropical products and other materials, including the U.S. factories, until summer.