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目的调查深圳市宝安区使用正己烷企业的职业卫生现状。方法采用溶剂解吸-气相色谱法检测工作场所空气中正己烷的时间加权平均浓度,对劳动者的职业健康监护情况进行分析,并对个人防护状况进行问卷调查。结果所调查的328家企业中工作场所正己烷浓度合格率为93.7%,其中电子类和印刷类企业使用正己烷比例最高,约60%;存在正己烷危害最多的工作岗位是印刷位和清洗位。对2 431名劳动者进行了职业健康检查,未发现疑似职业病病例,检出职业禁忌证13人;2 659名劳动者中,有个人防护的占92.2%,70.9%的劳动者个人防护用品包含橡胶手套或防毒口罩,其中电子类企业的个人防护率最低,为68.0%。结论深圳市宝安区使用正己烷企业职业卫生防护工作开展较为全面,但是能对正己烷产生有效防护用品使用率相对较低,其中电子类企业的个人防护相对较差。
Objective To investigate the status quo of occupational health using n-hexane in Bao’an District of Shenzhen City. Methods Solvent desorption-gas chromatography (GC-MS) was used to detect the time-weighted average concentration of n-hexane in the air of the workplace. Occupational health monitoring of laborers was analyzed, and personal protective status was investigated by questionnaire. Results Among the 328 enterprises surveyed, the passing rate of n-hexane in the workplace was 93.7%. Among them, the proportion of n-hexane used by electronic and printing enterprises was the highest, about 60%; the jobs with the most n-hexane damage were printing and cleaning stations . Occupational health examinations were conducted for 2 431 laborers without any suspected occupational diseases and 13 were found as occupational contraindications. Among 2 659 laborers, 92.2% had personal protection, and 70.9% of workers’ personal protective equipment contained Rubber gloves or anti-virus masks, of which the lowest personal protection rate of electronic enterprises, 68.0%. Conclusions The use of n-hexane in Baoan District of Shenzhen Municipality is relatively comprehensive in occupational health protection, but its utilization rate of n-hexane is relatively low. Among them, the personal protection of electronic enterprises is relatively poor.