论文部分内容阅读
目的分析云浮市2012―2014年水痘发病特征和流行趋势,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对云浮市2012―2014年水痘疫情资料进行分析。结果2012―2014年云浮市共报告水痘病例1 169例,年均发病率为16.25/10万。发病有明显的季节特征,集中在5―8月和11月至次年1月,分别占发病总数的32.76%(383/1 169)和42.60%(498/1 169)。发病数居前3位的地区分别为云城区(451例)、云安区(297例)、郁南县(292例);发病年龄以<15岁儿童为主,占总病例数的89.14%(1 042/1 169);男性698例,女性471例,男女性别比为1.48∶1;职业分布以学生为主(占38.32%),其次为散居儿童(占33.02%)和托幼儿童(占21.47%)。2012―2014年云浮市全人群水痘疫苗平均接种率为1.44%,郁南县接种率最高(1.93%),不同地区间接种率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 2012―2014年云浮市水痘疫情呈上升趋势,发病呈现春夏季和冬季双高峰,疫苗接种率存在地区差异,今后应有针对性地重点加强城区适龄儿童和高年龄组儿童的水痘疫苗接种工作,将水痘疫情控制在较低水平。
Objective To analyze the incidence and epidemic trend of chickenpox in Yunfu City from 2012 to 2014 and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of chicken pox in Yunfu from 2012 to 2014. Results A total of 1 169 chickenpox cases were reported in Yunfu City from 2012 to 2014, with an average annual incidence rate of 16.25 / 100 000. The onset of the disease has obvious seasonal characteristics, concentrated in May-August and November to January next year, accounting for 32.76% (383/1 169) and 42.60% (498/1 169) of the total incidence. The areas with the top three incidences were Yuncheng District (451 cases), Yun’an District (297 cases) and Yunan County (292 cases). The age of onset was mainly children <15 years old, accounting for 89.14% (1 042/1 169). There were 698 males and 471 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.48:1. The occupational distribution was dominated by students (38.32%), followed by diasporas (33.02%) and nurseries Accounting for 21.47%). The average inoculation rate of varicella vaccine was 1.44% in Yunfu City from 2012 to 2014, the highest in Yunan County (1.93%). The indirect vaccination rates in different areas were significantly different (P <0.01). Conclusion The epidemic situation of chickenpox in Yunfu City in 2012-2014 is on an upward trend. The incidence shows double peaks in spring, summer and winter, and there are regional differences in vaccination rates. In the future, we should focus on strengthening the vaccination against chicken pox in urban-age children and high-age children , Will control the epidemic of chickenpox at a low level.