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根据有效竞争理论,竞争是作为实现经济政策目标的手段,而不是作为目标本身。为了保持有效竞争,获得令人满意的市场结果,必须运用竞争政策对市场结构和市场行为进行干预、调节。国家制定竞争政策的最终目的是为了获得好的市场绩效,而市场结构和市场行为则对市场绩效有着不同程度的影响。因此,判断市场结构和市场行为是否合适的标准,就是看它们是否能导致有效的市场绩效,是否能促进有效竞争的实现。由于把握到的市场绩效已经是既定的,所以对市场结果本身是无法通过竞争政策加以干预和改变的,只能通过对市场结构和市场行为的干预与影响来间接地改善市场绩效。了解了市场结构、市场行为与市场绩效三者之间的关系,把握了评定市场绩效的标准,就可以首先确定现实的市场结果与所期望的市场结果之间的偏离,然后通过竞争政策、措施影响市场结构和市场行为,消除这种偏离,获得所期望的市场结果。一般期望的市场结果包括:发挥规模效益和充分利用生产能力、不存在长期过度的利润和亏损、适度的技术组织进步、不存在过高的销售成本、符合期望的产品多样性等。针对性的竞争政策措施包括:阻止卡特尔和协调行为方式、拆散占统治市场地位的企业、控制合并、阻碍及联合抵制行为、通过国家影响提高要素流动性、通过集中实现内部化、直接的国家干预。
According to the theory of effective competition, competition serves as a means to achieve the objectives of economic policy, not as a goal itself. In order to maintain effective competition and obtain satisfactory market results, competition policy must be used to intervene and regulate market structure and market behavior. The ultimate goal of the state to formulate competition policy is to obtain good market performance, while market structure and market behavior have different degrees of impact on market performance. Therefore, the criterion of whether market structure and market behavior are suitable is to see whether they can lead to effective market performance, and whether it can promote the realization of effective competition. Since the market performance is already established, the result of the market can not be intervened and changed through the competition policy itself. The market performance can be indirectly improved only through the intervention and influence on the market structure and market behavior. Understanding the relationship between market structure, market behavior and market performance, and grasping the standard for evaluating market performance, we can first determine the deviation between the actual market result and the expected market result, and then through the competition policy and measures Affect the market structure and market behavior, eliminate this deviation and obtain the expected market results. The generally expected market outcomes include: maximizing economies of scale and maximizing production capacity; without excessive long-term profits and losses; moderate technological advancement; high cost of sales without the diversification of desired products. Targeted competition policy measures include preventing cartels and coordinating behavior, dismantling firms that dominate the market, controlling mergers, impeding and boycotting behaviors, enhancing elemental liquidity through national influence, and concentrating efforts on internalizing and directing the country Intervention.