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本文论述了环境行为研究(Environment and Behavior Studies,EBS)的几个重要概念:私密性、个人空间、领域性和拥挤。私密性是指对通达自己或一群体的有选择的控制(Altman,1975),包括独处(solitude)、孤立(isolation)、与家庭成员的亲密(intimacy with family)、与朋友的亲密(intimacy with friends)、匿名(anonymity)和保留(reserve)若干项(Westin,1970;Pedersen,1979),它既是封闭的又是开放的,既是个人的“私密”也有群体的“私密”;个人空间则是一个包围着个人的、入侵者不可以进入的区域,这个区域具有看不见的边界(Sommer,1969),我们可以通过改变人际距离、身体角度和眼神接触频率等行为来调节个人空间;领域性是指我们占有、标记和个人化某空间,借以调节和影响社会互动、表达个人形象,当领域遭受 侵犯时,我们可能采取捍卫措施;密度指的是单位空间里面的人数,它是一个客观的、中性的、数量化的度量,而拥挤则是主要针对某一密度的负性感受,它是主观的、质化的,通过适当的环境设计,我们可以减轻拥挤的压力。对于环境设计师认识和了解环境行为研究,这四个基本概念可以起到垫脚石的作用。
This article discusses several important concepts of Environment and Behavior Studies (EBS): privacy, personal space, territory, and congestion. Privacy refers to the selective control over oneself or a group of individuals (Altman, 1975), including solitude, isolation, intimacy with family, intimacy with family, friends, anonymity and reserve (Westin, 1970; Pedersen, 1979). It is both closed and open, both “private” and “private” for the group. The personal space is An area surrounded by individuals inaccessible to intruders, with invisible borders in this area (Sommer, 1969), we can adjust our personal space by changing behavior such as interpersonal distance, body angle and eye contact; It means that we possess, mark up and personalize a space in order to regulate and influence social interaction and express our personal image. When the realm is violated, we may take defensive measures. Density refers to the number of people in the unit space. It is an objective, Neutral, quantitative measure, while congestion is mainly for a negative density of feelings, it is subjective, qualitative, through the appropriate design of the environment, we can Light crowded pressure. For environmental designers to understand and understand environmental behavior research, these four basic concepts can play a stepping stone role.