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目的了解高校传染病暴发流行的特点,为高校防治传染病提供科学依据。方法通过PPD试验、胸部X线透视及痰培养确诊结核病;通过全身体格检查及询问等方式调查水痘及阴虱的流行情况。结果有密切接触史者所在班级PPD试验的总阳性率、强阳性率和患病率均高于有接触史的其他班级学生(χ2值分别为47.78、48.70、4.53,P值均<0.05);有密切接触史者PPD试验与同年级其他学生比较,总阳性率、强阳性率和患病率均高于同年级学生(χ2值分别为536.19、82.38、23.41,P值均为0.000);水痘患者所在班级学生发病率明显高于波及的其他班级学生(χ2=15.06,P=0.000);阴虱病在寝室内可间接传播。结论高校学生结核、水痘及阴虱病传播不容忽视,应提高大学生的健康卫生意识,防止高校传染病的暴发流行。
Objective To understand the characteristics of epidemic outbreaks of infectious diseases in colleges and universities and provide scientific evidences for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in colleges and universities. Methods The PPD test, chest X-ray and sputum culture were used to diagnose tuberculosis. The prevalence of chickenpox and pubic lice were investigated by whole body physical examination and inquiry. Results The positive rate, strong positive rate and prevalence of the class PPD test with history of close contact were higher than those of other classes with history of exposure (χ2 = 47.78, 48.70, 4.53, P <0.05 respectively). Compared with other students of the same grade in the history of close PPD test, the positive rate, the strong positive rate and the prevalence were all higher than those of the same grade (χ2 = 536.19,82.38,23.41, P = 0.000); chickenpox The incidence of students in the class where the patient was significantly higher than the other students (χ2 = 15.06, P = 0.000); pubic lice disease in the bedroom can be indirectly transmitted. Conclusion The transmission of tuberculosis, chickenpox and pubis lice in college students should not be neglected. The awareness of health and hygiene of college students should be improved to prevent outbreaks of communicable diseases in colleges and universities.