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目的及时了解布氏菌病的流行动态和临床特征,为制定防制措施提供依据。方法对905例布病病例的流行特征、临床特征及危险因素暴露情况进行描述性分析。结果 905例病例主要集中在鲁山县、叶县、宝丰县,发病高峰期是3-7月,病例年龄以30~60岁居多,占总病例数的60.33%;职业以农民和牧民为主,占总病例数的91.16%。91.49%的病例都有与动物密切接触史,接触的主要动物是羊;有接触史的病例未采取任何防护措施者占93.03%。临床特征以发热、关节肌肉疼痛、乏力、多汗最为常见,出现肝、脾、淋巴结肿大及睾丸肿大的病例较少,各年龄组病例中出现阳性临床特征的构成比差异有统计学意义。905例病例的试管凝集试验滴度范围在1∶100~1∶400之间,随着滴度的增高,出现发热、多汗、关节肌肉疼痛、乏力、脾肿大等症状的比例随之增高。结论平顶山市布病病例主要通过与羊密切接触而感染,因此要通过开展健康教育活动提高群众的自我防护意识;同时要加强对临床医生布病诊疗知识的培训,重视对流行病学接触史的询问,提高其布病诊断水平。
Objective To keep abreast of the epidemiological and clinical features of brucellosis and provide evidence for the development of control measures. Methods The epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and risk factors of 905 cases of brucellosis were analyzed descriptively. Results 905 cases were mainly in Lushan County, Ye County and Baofeng County. The peak incidence was from March to July. The age of cases was mostly from 30 to 60 years old, accounting for 60.33% of the total number of cases. The main occupations were peasants and herdsmen , Accounting for 91.16% of the total number of cases. 91.49% of the cases had close contact with animals, and the main animals in contact were sheep; those with history of exposure accounted for 93.03% without any protective measures. Clinical features Fever, joint and muscle pain, fatigue, hyperhidrosis the most common, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and testicular swelling less cases, the incidence of positive clinical features in each age group, the composition ratio was statistically significant . The titer of tube agglutination test in 905 cases ranged from 1: 100 to 1: 400. With the increase of titer, the proportion of fever, hyperhidrosis, joint muscle pain, fatigue, splenomegaly and other symptoms increased . Conclusions The cases of brucellosis in Pingdingshan City are mainly infected by the close contact with sheep. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the public awareness of self-protection by carrying out health education activities. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the training of clinicians on the diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis and attach importance to the history of exposure to epidemiology Ask, improve the diagnosis of brucellosis.