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引起肝炎的病毒很多,本文着重介绍甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)和乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)所致肝炎的血清学标志及其临床意义。一、甲型肝炎甲型肝炎的实验室诊断包括从粪便中查出甲型肝炎病毒抗原(HAAg)和测定血清中抗HAV抗体(抗-HA)。发病前2周,HAV从粪便排出,病后头2周迅速减少,故粪中查出HAAg,说明病程在急性期。常用检测方法有免疫电镜、放射免疫沉淀试验、固相放免试验等。但HAAg阴性不能肯定排除甲型肝炎的诊断,因为即使用上述比较敏感的方法,病程第一周只能检出50％,第二周只能检出25％,第三周则罕能测出HAAg。
Hepatitis caused by many viruses, this article focuses on hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) -related hepatitis markers and their clinical significance. First, hepatitis A Hepatitis A laboratory diagnosis includes detection of hepatitis A virus antigen (HAAg) from stool and determination of anti-HAV antibody in serum (anti-HA). HAV 2 weeks before onset of excretion from the feces, the first two weeks after the disease decreased rapidly, so the detection of HAAg in faeces, indicating the course of the disease in the acute phase. Common detection methods are immune electron microscopy, radioimmunoprecipitation test, solid phase radioimmunoassay and so on. However, HAAg negative can not be sure to rule out the diagnosis of hepatitis A, because even with the more sensitive method, the first week of the disease can only detect 50%, the second week only detected 25%, the third week rarely measured HAAg.