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主語是一句話的主体,是一句话的話题,它对謂語来說,一般是施事者,有的是受事者,或者是陳述的对象。所以在一般的句子中,主語的位置在最前,它的後边是謂語(狹義的,指謂語中的主要動詞或者和它有同等功能的謂語中心詞)。賓語是接受謂語動作的成分,位置在謂語之後。句子的格式並不是只有一种,这就是說,除了大多数句子的常態語序之外,还有其他句子格式。我们在語法上应该怎樣看待这些格式呢?總括起来有兩种情况:有一類格式雖然和一般語序不一樣,但在語言中已經定型化了,这可以認爲是一种特殊格式,不必看做是語序變例;另一類是在一定條件下發生的臨時情况,可以看做是語序變例。这种變例使主語、謂語、賓語不按一般的顺序排列,所以叫倒装句。
The subject is the subject of a sentence, the topic of a sentence, it is generally for the predicate, the actors, and some of the subjects, or the object of the statement. So in a typical sentence, the subject is at the top, followed by the predicate (in the narrow sense, the main verb in the predicate or the predicate center-of-faith with which it functions). The object is to accept the predicate movement of the composition, the location behind the predicate. There is not one single sentence format, which means that in addition to the normal order of most sentences, there are other sentence formats. How do we think of these formats in grammar? There are two things to sum up: there are two kinds of situations: one type of format, although different from the usual word order, has been formalized in the language, which can be considered as a special format Doing is a word order variant; the other is a temporary condition that occurs under certain conditions, which can be seen as a word order variant. This variant of the subject, predicate, object not in the usual order, so called inverted sentence.