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随着新型疫苗的不断涌现,对疫苗佐剂的要求也越来越高。铝盐作为疫苗佐剂历史悠久,其与抗原结合程度受温度、p H、离子强度、抗原及佐剂本身理化性质等多种因素的影响;而结合抗原的铝佐剂除了通过“储存库效应”和“免疫刺激效应”增强免疫反应外,还可促进抗原递呈细胞的活化和成熟,提高其对抗原的摄取能力,同时活化炎性小体参与免疫反应。但铝盐作为疫苗佐剂也有很多局限性,对其进行磷酸化、纳米化改良或在铝佐剂中添加其他成分可能是未来发展的方向。本文就铝佐剂的特性、作用机制、应用前景等作一综述,旨在为铝佐剂的深入研究及合理应用提供参考。
As new vaccines continue to emerge, the need for vaccine adjuvants is also growing. Aluminum salts have a long history as vaccine adjuvants, and the degree of binding to antigen is affected by many factors such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, the physical and chemical properties of the antigen and the adjuvant itself, and the antigen bound aluminum adjuvant, Effect “and” immune stimulating effect "to enhance the immune response, but also promote the activation and maturation of antigen presenting cells, increase their ability to uptake the antigen, while activating the inflammatory body involved in the immune response. However, aluminum salts as vaccine adjuvants also have many limitations. Phosphorylation and nano-modification of them or addition of other ingredients to aluminum adjuvants may be the future direction of development. This review summarizes the properties, mechanism and prospects of aluminum adjuvants, aiming to provide a reference for the further research and rational application of aluminum adjuvants.