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为了揭示建兰(Cymbidium ensifolium)品种的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,为建兰种质资源的有效利用和开发提供依据,本研究采用SRAP(sequence-related amplified polymorphism)分子标记技术对来自四川、台湾、广东的47个建兰品种的遗传多样性进行分析,应用NYSYS软件对SRAP-PCR结果进行聚类分析。结果从88对引物中筛选获得12对特异性强、稳定性好的引物进行SRAP分析,共扩增出188条带纹,其中147条为多态性位点,平均每组引物扩增出12条多态性带。聚类分析表明,47个品种可以分为4个类群:第Ⅰ群由来自四川的3个品种组成;第Ⅱ群的23个品种中有18个来自四川、3个来自广东、2个来自台湾;第Ⅲ群的12个品种中有11个品种源于台湾,1个源于四川;第Ⅳ群仅有1个来自四川,其他品种均来自台湾。结果表明,由于人工驯化,造成了建兰品种遗传背景的混乱,而SRAP分子标记技术能有效地分析建兰品种的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。
In order to reveal the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Cymbidium ensifolium cultivars, this study provided the basis for the effective utilization and development of germplasm resources in Cymbidium (Lam.) Franch. In this study, SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) 47 cultivars were used to analyze the genetic diversity. The results of cluster analysis of SRAP-PCR were analyzed by NYSYS software. Results Twelve pairs of primers with strong specificity and good stability were screened from 88 pairs of primers for SRAP analysis. A total of 188 bands were amplified, of which 147 were polymorphic, with an average of 12 Polymorphism band. Cluster analysis showed that 47 cultivars could be divided into four groups: the first group consisted of three cultivars from Sichuan; the second group consisted of 23 of 23 cultivars from Sichuan, three from Guangdong and two from Taiwan 11 of the 12 varieties in group Ⅲ originated from Taiwan, 1 came from Sichuan, only 1 from group Ⅳ was from Sichuan and other varieties came from Taiwan. The results showed that the genetic background of the Cymbidium hybrid cultivars was caused by artificial domestication, while SRAP molecular markers could effectively analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Cymbidium hybrids.