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目的为了建立鼻咽癌（ＮＰＣ）早期诊断方法。方法以基因工程表达的、经纯化的ＥＢ病毒（Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｖｉｒｕｓ，ＥＢＶ）早期抗原（ＥＡ）成分ＥＡ－Ｄ和ＥＡ－Ｒ作为诊断抗原，建立了酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ），检查３０例ＮＰＣ病人及４９例正常人血清中的ＥＡ／ＩｇＡ抗体。结果用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测抗体较用细胞涂片免疫酶方法（ＩＥ）敏感。ＥＬＩＳＡ检测ＮＰＣ病人血清中ＥＡ／ｌｇＡ抗体，阳性率为１００％，ＥＡ／ｌｇＡ抗体效价均≥１∶１００。而用ＩＥ法，平行检测３０例ＮＰＣ病人血清中ＥＡ／ｌｇＡ抗体效价，结果６例为阴性（＜１∶１０），抗体阳性率为７０％。ＥＬＩＳＡ明显地提高了ＮＰＣ的检出率。以ｐ１３８（ＥＡ－Ｒ）和ｐ５４（ＥＡ－Ｄ）分别或混合包被，检测对ＥＢＶ特异的ＥＡ－Ｄ和ＥＡ－Ｒ的抗体。结论表明在ＮＰＣ病人血清中存在对ＥＡ两种抗原的抗体，对ＥＡ－Ｄ的抗体滴度高于对ＥＡ－Ｒ的抗体。因此，以两种抗原混合包被作为诊断抗原建立的ＥＬＩＳＡ方法，为ＮＰＣ的早期诊断提供更敏感、特异和简便的手段。
Objective To establish the early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established to detect the presence of EA-D and EA-R, the early antigen (EA) components of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EA / IgA antibodies in NPC patients and 49 normal human serum. Results The antibody detection by ELISA was more sensitive than that by the cell smear immunoenzyme method (IE). The serum EA / IgA antibody in patients with NPC was detected by ELISA and the positive rate was 100%. The antibody titer of EA / IgA was ≥1: 100. Using IE method, the titer of serum EA / IgA antibodies in 30 patients with NPC was detected in parallel. The results showed that 6 cases were negative (<1:10), and the positive rate of antibody was 70%. ELISA significantly increased the detection rate of NPC. Antibodies to EBV-specific EA-D and EA-R were detected separately or mixed with p138 (EA-R) and p54 (EA-D). The results indicate that there are antibodies to both EA antigens in the serum of NPC patients, and the antibody titers to EA-D are higher than those to EA-R. Therefore, an ELISA method based on the hybridization of two antigens as a diagnostic antigen provides a more sensitive, specific and convenient means for the early diagnosis of NPC.