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先秦两汉时期,铁器手工业成为当时手工业生产及技术创新的重要领域之一。自20世纪20年代以来,中国学者已就中国钢铁技术起源问题进行了讨论。20世纪50年代以后,随着大规模考古工作的进展和对出土铁器及冶铁遗址的科学研究,我们对中国古代钢铁技术的起源、发展、技术特色和管理体制等一系列问题有了较为深入的研究。笔者近年先后对河南、河北、山东、安徽、陕西、甘肃和新疆等地40余处战国两汉时期冶铁遗址进行了田野调查,并参与部分遗址的发掘工作,完成部分遗址和墓地出土铁器和冶铸遗物的采样和分析工作,对先秦两汉时期铁器和冶铁遗址有一些新的认识。本文主要报告笔者与合作者开展的中国古代钢铁技术的研究结果,包括冶铁遗址的田野调查、铁器的制作技术及年代学研究等内容,并对先秦两汉时期钢铁技术的发展情况进行简单讨论。
During the Qin and Han dynasties, iron handicrafts became one of the important fields of handicrafts production and technological innovation at that time. Since the 1920s, Chinese scholars have discussed the origins of China’s steel technology. Since the 1950s, with the progress of large-scale archaeological work and the scientific research on the excavated iron and iron smelting sites, we have conducted a series of deep research on the origins, development, technical characteristics and management system of ancient Chinese steel technology Research. In recent years, the author has conducted field surveys on more than 40 sites of smelting iron in the Warring States Periods and Han dynasties in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang, etc., and participated in the excavation of some sites and completed the excavation of some sites and cemeteries Casting relics sampling and analysis of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties iron and iron smelting ruins have some new understanding. This paper mainly reports the results of the research conducted by the authors and collaborators on the ancient steel technology in China, including the fieldwork of the iron smelting sites, the production technology of ironworks and the chronology research. The development of steel technology in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties is briefly discussed.