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目的探讨山羊冠状动脉分布方式及其前、后乳头肌血液供应的特点。方法选择成年山羊40只,雌雄不拘,羊龄8～12个月,体重15～20kg。将40支山羊处死后,从心包腔内仔细取出心脏,用丁腈苯乙烯(ABS)树脂溶液经左、右冠状动脉和左心室分别加压灌注,置于水中6h至树脂固定后取出;将心脏置于40%盐酸溶液中浸泡24h,用自来水冲洗掉腐蚀的心肌。观察山羊冠状动脉的分布情况、前后乳头肌的血管来源及分布,并用量尺和游标卡尺进行测量。结果山羊冠状动脉分布均为左优势型,左冠状动脉粗大,分支多,分布广泛,分布范围约占心脏表面积的80%。左前降支长度为90.48±11.74mm,有3根大的分支(对角支),主要分布于左室前壁、心尖、部分左室后壁及室间隔;回旋支长度为85.08±10.50mm,有2根大分支(钝缘支),主要分布于左室前侧壁、后壁、室间隔和部分右心室。右冠状动脉细小,分支少,分布范围约占心脏表面积的20%,仅限于右心室和窦房结。右冠状动脉长度为58.59±5.97mm。结论山羊冠状动脉分布与人类略有差异,但仍是研究乳头肌缺血与二尖瓣关闭不全之间关系的理想动物模型。
Objective To investigate the distribution of goat coronary artery and the characteristics of blood supply to the anterior and posterior papillary muscles. Methods 40 adult goats were chosen, male and female, sheep age 8 to 12 months, body weight 15 ~ 20kg. After 40 goats were sacrificed, the heart was carefully removed from the pericardial cavity and infused with ABS solution through the left and right coronary arteries and left ventricle, respectively, and placed in water for 6h until the resin was fixed. The heart immersed in 40% hydrochloric acid solution for 24 h, washed with tap water to erode the myocardium. The distribution of goat coronary arteries, the origin and distribution of blood vessels in the papillary muscles were observed and measured with a scale and vernier caliper. Results The distribution of goat coronary artery was left predominant. The left coronary artery was thick, with many branches and distribution. The distribution range accounted for about 80% of the surface area of the heart. Left anterior descending branch length of 90.48 ± 11.74mm, there are three large branches (diagonal branch), mainly in the anterior wall of the left ventricle, apex, part of the left ventricular posterior wall and ventricular septum; swing length of 85.08 ± 10.50mm, There are two major branches (blunt marginal branch), mainly in the left ventricular anterior wall, posterior wall, ventricular septum and part of the right ventricle. The right coronary artery small, less branched, the distribution of the surface area of about 20% of the heart, only the right ventricle and the sinus node. Right coronary artery length was 58.59 ± 5.97 mm. Conclusion The goat coronary artery distribution is slightly different from that of human, but it is still an ideal animal model for studying the relationship between ischemia of the papillary muscle and mitral regurgitation.