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高原海拔高，空气氧含量低，小儿急性呼吸衰竭（简称呼衰）发病率高。机械通气是治疗呼衰的一种主要手段。只要患儿①明显呼吸节律不齐或频发者停；②清理气道，合理给氧而缺氧不改善；③吸氧下血气示ＰａＣＯ＿２≥５．３３ｋＰａ，ＰａＯ＿２≤６．０ｋＰａ者均为机械通气指征。机械通气时因缺少心电呼吸监护仪时避免使用肌松剂，以免发生意外。动态监测血气，正确处理合并症是提高呼衰抢救成功率的关键。作者认为：机械通气是小儿急性呼衷的急救措施，而不在视为濒死前的抢救手段。
Plateau high altitude, low air oxygen content, pediatric acute respiratory failure (referred to as respiratory failure) high incidence. Mechanical ventilation is a major means of treating respiratory failure. As long as children ① obvious respiratory rhythm or frequent stops; ② clean the airways, oxygen ration and oxygen does not improve; ③ oxygen gas showed PaCO_2 ≥ 5.33kPa, PaO_2 ≤ 6.0kPa were mechanical Ventilation indications. Mechanical ventilation due to lack of ECG monitor avoid muscle relaxants, so as to avoid accidents. Dynamic monitoring of blood gas, the correct treatment of comorbidities is to improve the success rate of respiratory failure the key to success. The author believes that: mechanical ventilation is a first aid to children’s acute urgency, rather than as a means of rescue before the verge of death.