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利用莱州湾海域历年综合调查和生态监测资料,综合分析了莱州湾浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖生物等主要海洋生物类群的多样性状况及其长期变化特征。结果表明,莱州湾浮游植物种类繁多,不同航次调查物种数在几十至上百种不等,优势种周年变动和年际变化具有群落演替的特征,总细胞丰度在季节和年际间均呈指数变化,多样性指数H’(log2)平均值为2.64,秋季相对高于春季和夏季,且1959年显著高于20世纪80年代后的年份。莱州湾浮游动物种类以桡足类为主,单航次调查物种数相对浮游植物较少,优势种组成相对稳定,个体密度近几年有下降的趋势,多样性指数H’在1.74~2.52之间波动。莱州湾底栖生物种类众多,单航次调查大型底栖动物物种数一般就超百种,优势种以多毛类和双壳类为主,近几年呈现高丰度和低生物量的特点,多样性指数H’近几年监测结果有升高趋势,但相对20世纪80年代仍属低值。
Based on the previous years’ comprehensive survey and ecological monitoring data in Laizhou Bay waters, the diversity status and long-term variation of the main marine life groups such as phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic organisms in Laizhou Bay were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that there are many kinds of phytoplankton in Laizhou Bay, and the number of species in different voyage varies from tens to hundreds. The annual variation and interannual variation of dominant species have the characteristics of community succession. The total cell abundance in both seasons and interannual The index of diversity index H ’(log2) was 2.64, which was higher in autumn than in spring and summer, and was significantly higher in 1959 than in 1980s. The species of zooplankton in Laizhou Bay was dominated by copepods. The number of species in a single voyage was relatively less than that of phytoplankton, the relative species composition was relatively stable, and the individual density tended to decrease in recent years. The diversity index H ’was between 1.74 and 2.52 fluctuation. There are many kinds of benthos in Laizhou Bay. The number of macrobenthos in single voyage survey is over 100 species, and the dominant species are polychaetes and bivalves, showing high abundance and low biomass in recent years. Sex Index H ’Monitoring results have been on the rise in recent years, but are still relatively low in the 1980s.