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目的建立三倍体丹参培育及其可持续利用的方法。方法应用“基因组多倍化与杂交相结合”的方法,将二倍体白花丹参人工诱变成同源四倍体(4x=32),然后与栽培或野生二倍体(2x=16)丹参进行杂交,转育成三倍体(3x=24)丹参。结果 4x♀×2x♂或2x♀×4x♂均能获得三倍体丹参,三倍体丹参具有多倍体和杂交种双重优势,根条数增加94.23%,根部鲜质量增加215.33%,主要药物成分隐丹参酮、丹参酮I、丹参酮IIA、丹酚酸B均达到或超过《中国药典》2010年版规定的水平。三倍体丹参杂交一代通过无性繁殖成为永久杂种,长期保持不变。结论三倍体丹参的培育是我国丹参种质资源遗传改良、新品种选育和杂种优势可持续利用的重要途径。
Objective To establish a method of triploid Salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation and its sustainable utilization. Methods The method of combining “genomic polyploidy with hybridization” was used to artificially mutate Diploma of Salvia miltiorrhiza into autotetraploid (4x = 32), and then cultured and wild diploid (2x = 16 ) Salvia hybridization, transformed into triploid (3x = 24) Salvia. Results Triploid Salvia miltiorrhiza was obtained in 4 × ♀ × 2 × 4 × or 2 × ♀ × 4 × ♂. The triploid Salvia miltiorrhiza had the double advantages of polyploidy and hybrid. The number of root increased by 94.23% and the fresh root mass increased by 215.33%. The main drug The contents of cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and salvianolic acid B all reached or exceeded the level stipulated in the 2010 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Triploid hybrids of Salvia miltiorrhiza become permanent hybrids through vegetative propagation and remain unchanged for the long term. Conclusion The cultivation of triploid Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important way for genetic improvement of Salvia miltiorrhiza germplasm resources, breeding of new varieties and sustainable utilization of heterosis.