英美刑事起诉制度演进之历史研究

• 作 者: 彭欣
• 出 处: 外国法制史研究
• 发表日期: 2002年00期
• 关键词: 起诉制度 弹劾式诉讼 诺曼人 诉讼程序 英国早期 诉讼模式 检控 审判制度 违法犯罪 历史研究

一、孕育:早期英国的刑事起诉制度在英国早期的原始社会,不存在严格的诉讼程序,更不可能产生国家设置专门的机关检控违法犯罪的制度。在罗马统治时期,建立起国家审判制度,但仍然奉行“无告诉人即无审判”的原则,实行私人追诉主义。诺曼人人侵后的盎格鲁·撒克逊时期的诉讼模式仍属于弹劾式诉讼,刑事起诉的方式也仍以私人自诉为主。总之,英国的早期历史孕育了私人控诉的传统,私人的控诉成为诉讼程序进行的基础。

First, inoculation: early British criminal prosecution system In the early primitive society of England, there was no strict procedure and it was even less likely that a system of special state organs would be established to prosecute crimes. During the Roman rule, the state trial system was established, but the principle of “no trial without trial” was still followed and private prosecution was practiced. The pattern of litigation in the Anglo-Saxon period after the Norman invasion still belonged to impeachment proceedings, and the way of criminal prosecution was still dominated by private prosecutions. In short, the early history of Britain gave birth to the tradition of private prosecutions, and private prosecutions formed the basis for proceeding.