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80年代,我国史学理论的研究走上了繁荣发展时期。一方面反省总结过去的得失,主要解决学风和研究方法问题;一方面引进西方的新思潮,拓展我们自己的研究视野和思路,开始建立我们自己的史学理论体系和方法论体系。关于历史哲学,根据西方的划分,可以分为本体论与认识论两大系统(方法论也可纳入认识论系统),80年代集中地探讨了历史认识论问题。历史认识论是本世纪西方历史哲学家所关注的中心课题,思想活跃,成果累累。我们虽然起步甚晚,但是积极追赶,并且吸收、借鉴了他们的研究成果和深邃的思想,因而前进步伐较快,成绩明显,在重大理论、观念与研究方法方面都取得了十分可喜的突破性成果。当然,由于我们史学界的整体理论水平的限制,由于我们学术思想、研究方法论和文化氛围等方面的原因,使我们的历史认识论的研究还面临着一些困惑和挑战。本文意在对80年代我国史学界在历史认识论研究方面所取得的突破和面临的困惑进行初步的理论分析,并提供若干研究思路。
In the 1980s, the study of Chinese historical theory embarked on a period of prosperity and development. On the one hand, we reflect on the pros and cons of the past on the one hand, and mainly solve the problem of study style and methodology; on the other hand, we must introduce new trends of thought in the West and expand our own research perspective and train of thought to start building our own system of historical theory and methodology. According to the division of the West, the philosophy of history can be divided into two systems of ontology and epistemology (the methodology can also be included in the epistemological system). In the 1980s, the issue of historical epistemology was intensively discussed. Epistemology of history is the central issue that the western historical philosophers of this century are concerned with, with active thinking and fruitful results. Although we started very late, we actively pursued, absorbed and borrowed their research achievements and deep thoughts, so we have made rapid progress and achieved remarkable results. We have made very gratifying breakthroughs in major theories, concepts and research methods Results. Of course, due to the limitation of the overall theoretical level of our historiography, our historical epistemology still faces some puzzles and challenges due to our academic thinking, research methodology and cultural atmosphere. This article is intended to conduct a preliminary theoretical analysis of the breakthroughs and confusion faced by historians of our country in the field of historical epistemology in the 1980s and provide some research ideas.