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目的:探讨小儿毛细支气管炎血清巨噬细胞炎性蛋白1α（MIP-1α）和单核细胞趋化蛋白1（MCP-1）水平变化及临床意义。方法:选择诸暨市人民医院儿科2016年1月至2017年12月收治的毛细支气管炎患儿90例为毛细支气管炎组，同期90例健康体检儿童作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法测定血清MIP-1α和MCP-1水平。结果:毛细支气管炎组血清MIP-1α［（22.37±2.64）ng/L］和MCP-1［（641.73±112.09）ng/L］水平均高于对照组［（3.46±1.98）ng/L、（534.76±94.16）ng/L］（n t=54.362、6.932，均n P<0.05）。急性期毛细支气管炎患儿血清MIP-1α［（27.86±2.43）ng/L］和MCP-1［（697.16±117.64）ng/L］水平均高于恢复期［（14.26±2.27）ng/L、（548.19±114.06）ng/L］（n t=26.200、5.835，均n P<0.05）。中重度急性期毛细支气管炎患儿血清MIP-1α［（31.06±2.17）ng/L］和MCP-1水平均高于轻度（n t=12.924、2.793，均n P<0.05）。急性期毛细支气管炎患儿血清MIP-1α与MCP-1水平呈正相关（n r=0.621，n P<0.001）。n 结论:小儿毛细支气管炎血清MIP-1α和MCP-1水平升高，两者共同参与毛细支气管炎的发病过程，与毛细支气管炎的严重程度关系密切。“,”Objective:To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α (MIP-1α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in children with bronchiolitis.Methods:Ninety children with bronchiolitis who received treatment in Zhuji People's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were included in this study (study group). Additional 90 healthy children who concurrently received health examination were selected as controls (control group). Serum levels of MIP-1 α and MCP-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Serum levels of MIP-1α [(22.37 ± 2.64) ng/L] and MCP-1 [(641.73 ± 112.09) ng/L] in the study group were significantly higher compared with the control group [(3.46 ± 1.98) ng/L, (534.76 ± 94.16) ng/L,n t = 54.362, 6.932, both n P < 0.05]. Serum levels of MIP-1 α [(27.86 ± 2.43) ng/L] and MCP-1 [(697.16 ± 117.64) ng/L] at the acute stage were significantly higher compared with the recovery stage [(14.26 ± 2.27) ng/L, (548.19 ± 114.06) ng/L, n t = 26.200, 5.835, both n P < 0.05). Serum levels of MIP-1α [(31.06 ± 2.17) ng/L] and MCP-1 in children with moderate to severe acute bronchiolitis were significantly higher compared with children with mild acute bronchiolitis ( n t = 12.924, 2.793, both n P < 0.05). Serum level of MIP-1α was positively correlated with serum level of MCP-1 in children with acute bronchiolitis ( n r = 0.621, n P < 0.001).n Conclusion:Serum levels of MIP-1α and MCP-1 are increased in children with bronchiolitis. Both of them participate in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis together and are closely related to the severity of bronchiolitis.