论文部分内容阅读
Transformation
有關桑伯里古堡的最早文字可以追溯到11世纪，古堡本身经由亨利八世国王授予许可，由白金汉宫第三代公爵爱德华·斯塔福德主导建于1510–1521年。实际上，斯塔福德比亨利更有资格继承王位，因而他奋起抗争，表示如果亨利无子而终，则由他本人执掌王权。此言一出，为他招来牢狱之灾。他被扣上叛国罪的帽子，剥夺财产和人身权，这意味着他所拥有的一切被迫上缴国库。1521年5月17日，斯塔福德被处极刑。
斯塔福德死后，他的家人离开古堡。随后，亨利八世皇族成员入住。青少年时期的玛丽一世，亨利八世的女儿，受教于Exeter大主教，时常在这里下榻。1535年，亨利和第二任妻子安娜·波莲造访，整整逗留10天。当时，古堡与一片六平方英里的狩猎场地相连，他们尽兴游玩，乐而忘返。玛丽去世后，古堡完璧归赵归还给斯塔福德家族，但经年逝去，古堡年久失修。
桑伯里浩如烟海的历史时光里，亨利八世和安娜·波莲并非唯一在此居住过的多舛伴侣。若回溯到10世纪，古堡前身为桑伯里庄园，早期业主中有一位叫Brictric，Algar之子，是有权有势的撒克逊贵族。据称，他担任驻佛兰德斯（中世纪欧洲一处伯爵领地）英国大使期间，罔顾并不屑佛兰德斯玛蒂尔达的爱慕之意。玛蒂尔达伤心欲绝，不久之后，与英格兰首位诺尔曼国王威廉一世结为伉俪。虽贵为一国之母，玛蒂尔达依旧对当年情思被拒愤恨难解，遂说服丈夫收缴Brictric包括桑伯里庄园在内的所有领地，并将Brictric本人投入温彻斯特大牢，使其残度余生。
直到19世纪30年代，诺福克公爵家族的霍华德家族接管古堡，南翼得以修缮，家族一部分家人居住于此。1966年，南翼被售予餐饮大亨和Porlethen的泰勒男爵—肯尼思·贝尔。其他区域则改头换颜，蜕变而为如今的古堡酒店，古雅而大方。
Whilst the earliest accounts of a manor at Thornbury date back to the 11th century， the Castle itself was built between 1510 – 1521 by Edward Stafford，third Duke of Buckingham， under a licence granted by King Henry VIII. However， when Stafford， who actually had greater claim to the throne than Henry， spoke out， claiming that should Henry die without a male heir， then he would be able to take the throne， he was arrested. He was then charged with treason and attainted – meaning that everything he owned passed back to the throne， and on 17 May 1521， he was beheaded.
After Stafford's death， his family left the Castle， and it was staffed by Crown Retainers. Guests during this period included Mary I， who often stayed whilst in her teens， being taught by the Bishop of Exeter. Henry and Anne Boleyn visited in 1535， staying for 10 days and enjoying the six square miles of hunting land then attached to the castle. Although Mary Tudor returned the castle to the Stafford family， over subsequent years the castle fell into disrepair.
Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn were not the only ill-fated lovers to occupy Thornbury during its long history. The estate can trace its roots back to the 10th century when it was the manor of Thornbury. One of its earliest-known owners was the powerful Saxon nobleman Brictric son of Algar. While serving as an English ambassador to Flanders， Brictric reportedly spurned the romantic attentions of Matilda of Flanders， who later married William the Conqueror， the first Norman king of England. Still rankled by the rejection once she became queen， Matilda persuaded her husband to seize Brictric's lands – including Thornbury manor – and had Brictric thrown into a Winchester prison， where he lived out the rest of his days.
It was not until the 1830s when it was owned by the Howard family – the family of the Dukes of Norfolk – that the south wing was renovated and became a home for a branch of that family. In 1966， it was sold to Kenneth Bell， a restaurateur and then to the Baron Taylor of Porlethen. The other wings were then renovated into the beautiful hotel it is today.
有關桑伯里古堡的最早文字可以追溯到11世纪，古堡本身经由亨利八世国王授予许可，由白金汉宫第三代公爵爱德华·斯塔福德主导建于1510–1521年。实际上，斯塔福德比亨利更有资格继承王位，因而他奋起抗争，表示如果亨利无子而终，则由他本人执掌王权。此言一出，为他招来牢狱之灾。他被扣上叛国罪的帽子，剥夺财产和人身权，这意味着他所拥有的一切被迫上缴国库。1521年5月17日，斯塔福德被处极刑。
斯塔福德死后，他的家人离开古堡。随后，亨利八世皇族成员入住。青少年时期的玛丽一世，亨利八世的女儿，受教于Exeter大主教，时常在这里下榻。1535年，亨利和第二任妻子安娜·波莲造访，整整逗留10天。当时，古堡与一片六平方英里的狩猎场地相连，他们尽兴游玩，乐而忘返。玛丽去世后，古堡完璧归赵归还给斯塔福德家族，但经年逝去，古堡年久失修。
桑伯里浩如烟海的历史时光里，亨利八世和安娜·波莲并非唯一在此居住过的多舛伴侣。若回溯到10世纪，古堡前身为桑伯里庄园，早期业主中有一位叫Brictric，Algar之子，是有权有势的撒克逊贵族。据称，他担任驻佛兰德斯（中世纪欧洲一处伯爵领地）英国大使期间，罔顾并不屑佛兰德斯玛蒂尔达的爱慕之意。玛蒂尔达伤心欲绝，不久之后，与英格兰首位诺尔曼国王威廉一世结为伉俪。虽贵为一国之母，玛蒂尔达依旧对当年情思被拒愤恨难解，遂说服丈夫收缴Brictric包括桑伯里庄园在内的所有领地，并将Brictric本人投入温彻斯特大牢，使其残度余生。
直到19世纪30年代，诺福克公爵家族的霍华德家族接管古堡，南翼得以修缮，家族一部分家人居住于此。1966年，南翼被售予餐饮大亨和Porlethen的泰勒男爵—肯尼思·贝尔。其他区域则改头换颜，蜕变而为如今的古堡酒店，古雅而大方。
Whilst the earliest accounts of a manor at Thornbury date back to the 11th century， the Castle itself was built between 1510 – 1521 by Edward Stafford，third Duke of Buckingham， under a licence granted by King Henry VIII. However， when Stafford， who actually had greater claim to the throne than Henry， spoke out， claiming that should Henry die without a male heir， then he would be able to take the throne， he was arrested. He was then charged with treason and attainted – meaning that everything he owned passed back to the throne， and on 17 May 1521， he was beheaded.
After Stafford's death， his family left the Castle， and it was staffed by Crown Retainers. Guests during this period included Mary I， who often stayed whilst in her teens， being taught by the Bishop of Exeter. Henry and Anne Boleyn visited in 1535， staying for 10 days and enjoying the six square miles of hunting land then attached to the castle. Although Mary Tudor returned the castle to the Stafford family， over subsequent years the castle fell into disrepair.
Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn were not the only ill-fated lovers to occupy Thornbury during its long history. The estate can trace its roots back to the 10th century when it was the manor of Thornbury. One of its earliest-known owners was the powerful Saxon nobleman Brictric son of Algar. While serving as an English ambassador to Flanders， Brictric reportedly spurned the romantic attentions of Matilda of Flanders， who later married William the Conqueror， the first Norman king of England. Still rankled by the rejection once she became queen， Matilda persuaded her husband to seize Brictric's lands – including Thornbury manor – and had Brictric thrown into a Winchester prison， where he lived out the rest of his days.
It was not until the 1830s when it was owned by the Howard family – the family of the Dukes of Norfolk – that the south wing was renovated and became a home for a branch of that family. In 1966， it was sold to Kenneth Bell， a restaurateur and then to the Baron Taylor of Porlethen. The other wings were then renovated into the beautiful hotel it is today.