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断口微观金相学,是微观地研究金属材料的断裂表面(简称断口)。这个词来自断口金相学(Fractography,φpakтогpaφия)。断口金相学按原定义~〔1〕是“用显微镜观察断裂的金属试样的解理小平面”。原定义意味着只观察脆性断裂。随着电子显微镜技术的发展,人们已能够观察韧性断口。目前一般把断口金相学分为:“断口微观金相学”和“断口宏观金相学”。后者表明用低放大倍数(用肉眼或放大镜)观察金属试样的断口。用肉眼观察断口来研究金属的质量是冶金学家所熟知的最老的方法。所得结果不但作为质量的标志,而且在许多情况下还列为重要零件的技术条件~〔2〕。断口观察之所以重要,在于:(1)断口中的小平面不受抛光及腐蚀的影响,因此可以显示出晶粒真正内部情况;
Fracture micro-metallography, microscopic study of the fracture surface of metal materials (referred to as the fracture). The word comes from fractureography (φpakтогpaφия). Fracture Metallography According to the original definition ~ [1] is “microscopic observation of cleaved metal sample cleavage facets.” The original definition meant that only the brittle fracture was observed. With the development of electron microscopy, people have been able to observe ductile fracture. At present, the general fracture geometry is divided into: “fracture micro-metallography” and “fracture macro-metallography.” The latter indicates that the fracture of the metal specimen was observed with a low magnification (with the naked eye or a magnifying glass). It is the oldest method well-known to metallurgists to examine the quality of metals with the naked eye. The results obtained not only as a sign of quality, but also in many cases also listed as the technical conditions of important parts ~ [2]. The reason why the fracture observation is important is that: (1) the facets in the fracture are not affected by polishing and corrosion, so that the real internal condition of the crystal grains can be shown;