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目的通过对河北省平山县西柏坡镇儿童的基本情况和心理健康状况的调查,了解当地农村留守儿童存在的心理问题及其影响因素,为学校和家庭对留守儿童的教育提供科学依据。方法采用问卷调查的方式普查西柏坡镇所有中小学共464名学生,采用自行编制的调查表调查儿童的基本情况、家庭情况和心理健康情况,运用EpiData 3.0进行数据录入,SPSS 17.0进行数据分析。结果共回收有效问卷446份(96.12%),其中农村留守儿童占43.5%,共194名。统计分析结果显示,留守儿童的消极情绪明显高于非留守儿童(χ2=12.484,P<0.001),其中父母双方均外出的儿童最明显。影响儿童情感的主要因素是学习成绩和是否为留守儿童。结论农村留守儿童的心理健康状况较非留守儿童差,双亲外出打工和母亲外出打工的留守儿童心理情况尤为突出。留守及学习成绩是影响儿童心理健康状况的主要因素。应加强对农村留守儿童身心发展的关注,积极制定相应的政策和干预措施,促进其健康成长。
Objective To investigate the basic situation and mental health status of children in Xibaipo Town, Pingshan County, Hebei Province, and to understand the psychological problems and the influencing factors of left-behind children in rural areas in order to provide scientific basis for the education of left-behind children by schools and families. Methods A total of 464 students from all primary and secondary schools in Xibaipo City were surveyed by questionnaire. The basic situation, family situation and mental health of children were investigated by self-made questionnaire. Data were entered using EpiData 3.0 and SPSS 17.0 was used for data analysis. Results A total of 446 valid questionnaires (96.12%) were collected, of which 43.5% were left behind in rural areas, with a total of 194. Statistical analysis showed that left-behind children’s negative emotions were significantly higher than those of non-left-behind children (χ2 = 12.484, P <0.001), of which children were the most prominent among both parents. The main factors affecting children’s feelings are academic achievement and whether they are left-behind children. Conclusion The mental health status of left-behind children in rural areas is worse than that of non-left-behind children. The psychological conditions of left-behind children whose parents work as migrant workers and migrant workers go out to work are particularly prominent. Staying and academic performance are the main factors affecting children’s mental health status. We should step up attention to the physical and mental development of left-behind children in rural areas and actively formulate appropriate policies and interventions to promote their sound growth.