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英语的省略用法与汉语的语法习惯不同，高考英语也常常涉及此类内容。常见常考的几种省略情况如下：
1. 由when，while，if，unless，though，as if 引导的状语从句中，若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且其谓语中含be动词时，常省略从句的主语和be动词。
例1When first ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
解析： 答案为B。状语从句When first introduced to the market的完整形式为：When these products were first introduced to the market 。本句中从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语中含有be动词，因此可以省略其主语和be动词。
2. 根据具体的语境，“if so / not” 的省略句式可用so或not来代替上文的相关内容。
例2He may not know you, if
_______, you can introduce yourself.
A. so B. not
C. it is D. that
解析： 答案为A。本句意为：“他也许不认识你，如果是这样的话，你可以介绍一下你自己”。
3. 某些情况下，不定式to后的动词可省略。但当to后的动词为be动词、have或have been时，则不可省略。
例3—You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to
C. doing D. doing to
解析： 答案为B。I meant to 为I meant to thank her的省略形式。
4. 对话中双方语意明确的情况下，当两个句子为并列关系时，第二个句子中与第一句相同的内容可以省略。
例4—What did he suggest to you?
—_________.
A. To speak a lot
B. Speaking a lot
C. Speak a lot
D. Spoke a lot
解析： 答案为B。 Speaking a lot 为省略句，其完整的形式为： He suggested speaking a lot.
5. 关系代词that，which，whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可以被省略。
例5The book _____ I gave you is well worth reading.
A. that B. in which
C. when D. where
解析： 答案为A。本句中的that在所引导的定语从句中作宾语，但也可以省略。
6. 在以the same...as和such...as等词组引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分。
例6The new storybook is written in _____ easy English _____ beginners can understand.
A. such; that B. so; that
C. such; as D. too; that
解析： 答案为C。understand的宾语本来应是the new storybook，但在这个句子中被省略了。
7. 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或that引导，它们通常可以被省略。
例7The way （in which） he spoke to us was suspicious.
例8I don’t like the way （that） you laugh at her.
★ 训练题
1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
2. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as ifwhether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen
C. to have seen D. to see
3. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
4. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
5. —You’re always working. Come on, let’s go shopping.
— ________ you ever want to do is going shopping.
A. Anything B. Something
C. All D. That
6. —Why didn’t Tom give you one of his paintings?
—I didn’t want one, but he would have given me one if I ________.
A. do B. would
C. will D. had
7. As you’ve never been there before, I’ll have someone _____ you the way.
A. to show B. show
C. showing D. showed
8. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?
— ________ .
A. Yes, I’d like to go to the Grand
Theatre
B. I’d like to, but I have an examination tomorrow
C. No, I won’t
D. That’s right
9. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should
C. Would D. Will
10. ______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not
B. Were
C. Had it not been
D. If they were not
1. 由when，while，if，unless，though，as if 引导的状语从句中，若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且其谓语中含be动词时，常省略从句的主语和be动词。
例1When first ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
解析： 答案为B。状语从句When first introduced to the market的完整形式为：When these products were first introduced to the market 。本句中从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语中含有be动词，因此可以省略其主语和be动词。
2. 根据具体的语境，“if so / not” 的省略句式可用so或not来代替上文的相关内容。
例2He may not know you, if
_______, you can introduce yourself.
A. so B. not
C. it is D. that
解析： 答案为A。本句意为：“他也许不认识你，如果是这样的话，你可以介绍一下你自己”。
3. 某些情况下，不定式to后的动词可省略。但当to后的动词为be动词、have或have been时，则不可省略。
例3—You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to
C. doing D. doing to
解析： 答案为B。I meant to 为I meant to thank her的省略形式。
4. 对话中双方语意明确的情况下，当两个句子为并列关系时，第二个句子中与第一句相同的内容可以省略。
例4—What did he suggest to you?
—_________.
A. To speak a lot
B. Speaking a lot
C. Speak a lot
D. Spoke a lot
解析： 答案为B。 Speaking a lot 为省略句，其完整的形式为： He suggested speaking a lot.
5. 关系代词that，which，whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可以被省略。
例5The book _____ I gave you is well worth reading.
A. that B. in which
C. when D. where
解析： 答案为A。本句中的that在所引导的定语从句中作宾语，但也可以省略。
6. 在以the same...as和such...as等词组引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分。
例6The new storybook is written in _____ easy English _____ beginners can understand.
A. such; that B. so; that
C. such; as D. too; that
解析： 答案为C。understand的宾语本来应是the new storybook，但在这个句子中被省略了。
7. 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或that引导，它们通常可以被省略。
例7The way （in which） he spoke to us was suspicious.
例8I don’t like the way （that） you laugh at her.
★ 训练题
1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
2. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as ifwhether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen
C. to have seen D. to see
3. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
4. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
5. —You’re always working. Come on, let’s go shopping.
— ________ you ever want to do is going shopping.
A. Anything B. Something
C. All D. That
6. —Why didn’t Tom give you one of his paintings?
—I didn’t want one, but he would have given me one if I ________.
A. do B. would
C. will D. had
7. As you’ve never been there before, I’ll have someone _____ you the way.
A. to show B. show
C. showing D. showed
8. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?
— ________ .
A. Yes, I’d like to go to the Grand
Theatre
B. I’d like to, but I have an examination tomorrow
C. No, I won’t
D. That’s right
9. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should
C. Would D. Will
10. ______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not
B. Were
C. Had it not been
D. If they were not