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目的了解60岁及以上老年人的失能状况,分析影响日常生活活动能力(ADL)的主要因素。方法于2013年11月—2015年4月采用分层整群抽样方法,选取社区60岁及以上老年人,采用自行设计的调查问卷和改良Barthel指数(MBI)对老年人的生存状况和ADL进行调查,并对失能的相关危险因素进行多元Logistic回归分析。结果调查社区老年人883人,符合失能标准191人,失能率为21.63%。多元Logistic回归分析显示,年龄大(OR=4.99,95%CI:4.52~5.66)、患慢性病(OR=2.19,95%CI:1.74~2.72)、脑卒中(OR=3.78,95%CI:2.65~5.06)、骨关节炎(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.55~2.39)、慢性支气管炎(OR=2.17,95%CI:1.73~2.91)、视力障碍(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.37~2.28)、痴呆(OR=1.92,95%CI:1.23~2.69)及腰腿痛(OR=2.04,95%CI:1.47~2.89)是引起老年人失能的危险因素;受教育程度高(OR=0.87,95%CI:0.82~0.95)、家庭收入状况好(OR=0.81,95%CI:0.76~0.87)、户外活动时间长(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.63~0.81)和每周体育锻炼频率高(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.56~0.79)是保护因素。结论社区老年人失能状况受多方面因素影响,有必要对失能老人开展健康管理和综合干预。
Objective To understand the incapacity of the elderly aged 60 and above, and to analyze the main factors influencing the activity of daily living (ADL). Methods From November 2013 to April 2015, stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the community aged 60 years old and above, the self-designed questionnaire and modified Barthel index (MBI) were used to assess the survival status and ADL of the elderly Investigation, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the relevant risk factors for disability. Results The survey of 883 elderly people in the community, meet the disability standard of 191 people, the disability rate was 21.63%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with chronic disease (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.74-2.72), stroke (OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 2.65 ~ 5.06), osteoarthritis (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.55-2.39), chronic bronchitis (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.73-2.91), visual impairment ~ 2.28) .Dementia (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.23-2.69) and low back pain (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.47-2.89) were the risk factors for the elderly disability. OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82-0.95), family income was good (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.76-0.87), outdoor activities were longer (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.63-0.81) Weekly physical activity frequency (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.56-0.79) is a protective factor. Conclusion The disability status of the elderly in the community is affected by many factors and it is necessary to carry out health management and comprehensive intervention for the disabled elders.