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盛宣怀从1875年5月至1881年10月在湖北创办煤铁矿务的活动,大致可以分为三个阶段。1875年5月至1876年1月为广济官煤厂阶段。此阶段采用官督商办的经营方式,着手试办。1876年1月至1879年7月为湖北开采煤铁总局阶段。此阶段采用官办的经营方式,一面雇用矿工土法采掘,一面雇用洋师以洋法勘矿,冀图勘出佳矿,用洋法采掘。其几经周折勘明荆当煤矿、大冶铁矿后,因经费不继,被迫停顿。1879年6月至1881年10月为荆门矿务总局阶段。此阶段是上一阶段过渡性、权宜性的业务继续。它以官督商办的经营方式解决官本不继的困难,以土法采煤为日后洋法炼铁铺平道路;它是李鸿章、盛宣怀以“先煤后铁”的策略来挽救湖北煤铁矿务免遭功亏一篑思想的产物。但此阶段却并未专力开采,而是主要经营煤斤的贩销业务。1881年10月,李鸿章批饬裁撤荆局,湖北矿务至此终止、夭折。通观盛宣怀早期创办湖北煤铁矿务的全过程,我认为导致其夭折的主观原因有如下几个方面。
Sheng Xuanhuai from May 1875 to October 1881 in Hubei founded coal and iron mining activities can be broadly divided into three stages. May 1875 to January 1876 Guangji official coal phase. This stage by the government-run business mode of operation, proceed with the pilot. January 1876 January to July 1879 for the mining of coal and iron General Administration of Hubei stage. This phase uses the government-run mode of operation, hired local people mining excavation, hired foreigners to foreign law prospecting, Hebei plans to map out good ore, mining with the law. After several weeks of exploration Ming Jing coal mine, Daye Iron Mine, due to funding, was forced to pause. June 1879 to October 1881 for the Jingmen Mining Administration phase. This stage is the transitional and expedient business of the previous stage to continue. It uses the mode of operation conducted by the Governor and Governor to solve the problem of government-based failure and paves the way for the mining of iron ore by the Western Method of Law. It is Li Hongzhang and Sheng Xuanhuai which saved Hubei coal with the strategy of “first after the coal” Iron ore mine is a product of thought. However, this stage has not been particularly exploratory, but mainly selling coal jin sales business. In October 1881, Li Hung-chang criticized the removal of the Bureau of Arbitration and the termination of Hubei Mines and died. Through the whole process of setting up Hubei Coal and Iron Mine in the early stage of Sheng Xuanhuai, I think the subjective reasons leading to its abortion are as follows.