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目的:评估日粮中新鲜发酵豆粕对仔猪生长的促进作用及对畜舍空气质量的改善作用。创新点:首次证实新鲜发酵豆粕的使用可提高仔猪对日粮氮的利用,降低氮排泄以及降低畜舍氨气和颗粒物浓度。方法:选择日龄相近的472头保育仔猪(长×大二元杂交,体重(16.3±0.36)kg),随机分为两组,每组236头。对照组饲喂不添加新鲜发酵豆粕的基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加10%新鲜发酵豆粕的日粮(FSM组),两组日粮的粗蛋白含量一致。试验期28天,试验期间监测畜舍氨气和颗粒物浓度(图1和2),试验结束采样进行化学检测。结论:与对照组相比,FSM组的平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05)。在整个实验过程中,与对照组相比,FSM组猪舍中NH_3浓度下降了19.0%(P<0.05),颗粒物(PM_(10)和PM_(2.5))浓度分别下降了19.9%(P<0.05)和11.6%(P<0.05)。FSM组粪便中氨态氮和亚硝酸盐含量分别增加了32.9%(P<0.05)和28.4%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,FSM组粪便p H值明显下降(P<0.05)。试验结束时,FSM组的总蛋白浓度显著增加(P<0.05),血清尿素氮(BUN)浓度降低(P<0.05)。结果表明,日粮中新鲜发酵豆粕不仅提高了保育猪的生长性能,而且减少了粪便中氮向NH_3的转化,降低了畜舍中PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的浓度。
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of freshly fermented soybean meal in diet on the growth of piglets and the improvement of air quality in barn. Innovations: For the first time, the use of freshly fermented soybean meal has been shown to increase piglet nitrogen use, reduce nitrogen excretion, and reduce ammonia and particulate matter concentrations in barns. Methods: 472 piglets of the same age (long × large binary hybrids, body weight (16.3 ± 0.36) kg) were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 236. The control group was fed the basal diet without adding fresh fermented soybean meal. The test group was fed the diet supplemented with 10% fresh fermented soybean meal (FSM group), and the crude protein content of the two groups was the same. The test period was 28 days. Ammonia and particulate matter concentrations were monitored during the test (Figures 1 and 2) and the end of the experiment was sampled for chemical testing. Conclusion: Compared with the control group, the average daily gain of FSM group increased significantly (P <0.05). Throughout the experiment, the concentration of NH_3 in pigs in FSM group decreased by 19.0% (P <0.05) and that of PM_ (10) and PM_ (2.5) decreased by 19.9% (P < 0.05) and 11.6% (P <0.05). The levels of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in excrement of FSM group increased by 32.9% (P <0.05) and 28.4% (P <0.05), respectively. Compared with the control group, p value of stool in FSM group decreased significantly (P <0.05). At the end of the experiment, the total protein concentration in FSM group increased significantly (P <0.05) and the serum BUN decreased (P <0.05). The results showed that the fresh fermented soybean meal not only enhanced the growth performance of the nursery pigs but also reduced the conversion of nitrogen to NH_3 in the manure and the concentration of PM_ (10) and PM_ (2.5) in the barn.