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植物作为新型的生物反应器正日益受到关注,转基因植物以其独有的可食(饲)性成为疫苗研究的热点之一。目前转基因植物口服疫苗的可行性已逐步得到证实,但相关的免疫机制尚在进一步的探索之中。实验证实植物细胞壁类似天然的“生物胶囊”,可在一定程度上保护表达在植物细胞内的疫苗抗原蛋白抵御消化道酶的作用。使疫苗抗原特异地定位表达于植物细胞的内质网、叶绿体等细胞器中,以及将抗原蛋白组装成病毒样颗粒,也均可增强其抗消化能力。适当选用免疫佐剂等可增强转基因植物疫苗免疫保护反应,选择合适的启动子等可提高目的基因在转基因植株中的表达量,这些均是增强转基因植物口服疫苗免疫保护反应、避免免疫耐受的可行策略。
Plant as a new type of bioreactor is attracting more and more attention. Genetically modified plants have become one of the hotspots in vaccine research due to their unique edibleness. The feasibility of oral vaccination of transgenic plants has been gradually confirmed, but the relevant immune mechanisms are still under further exploration. Experiments show that the plant cell wall resembles a natural “biological capsule,” which can to some extent protect the vaccine antigen protein expressed in plant cells against the digestive tract enzymes. Vaccination of antigen specific localization of plant cells in the endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts and other organelles, as well as the antigen protein into virus-like particles, but also can enhance its anti-digestion. Appropriate selection of immune adjuvants can enhance the immune protection response of transgenic plant vaccines and select suitable promoters to increase the expression level of the target gene in the transgenic plants. All of these enhance the immune protection response of oral vaccines of transgenic plants and avoid immune tolerance Feasible strategy.