论文部分内容阅读
試驗証明温度和光对小麦品种抗条銹病性的影响极大。由于小麦品种对条銹菌不稳定反应所造成生理鑑定小种的困难,基本上可通过严格控制温度和光获得解决。条锈菌生理小种的鑑定最好在15℃恆温和恆光的設备下进行。用日光灯为光源,光強度保持4,000 Lux,每日照射16小时即已足够使小麦品种正常发病。当温度逐漸提高时小麦品种漸由感染变为抵抗。由感染型变为抵抗型的温度轉变点因品种和生理小种的不同組合而有差异,在60个品种小种組合中,自15℃起变为抵抗型的有8个組合,自20℃起变为抵抗型的有15个組合,在25℃下变为抵抗型的有18个組合,在10—25℃温度范围內均为抵抗型的有16个組合。高度抗病的品种如早洋麦、金大4197、驪英一号等在所有光強度(日光40.000 Lux及鎢絲灯与日光灯組成人工光強度为8,000 Lux、6,500 Lux、5,000 Lux、2,500 Lux和1,200Lux.)及各种不同光照时間下(日光灯为光源,4,000 Lux,不同光照时間每日为8、12、16及24小时)均抗病。高度感病品种燕大1885則在所有光強度及各种不同光照时間下均为感染型。孢子产生的数量則随光強度和光照时間的增加而增多。其他感病品种对光的变动反应較为复杂。衡量小麦品种抗病性和不同小种致病力应同时考虑反应型、孢子堆数量和产生孢子堆的环境条件范围。采自碧螞一号的小种Y_(δB)証明是极为危险的生理小种,由于它在較大温度变差的范围內(10℃—20℃)使碧螞系統的小麦严重感病,并在25℃下仍能产生孢子堆。类似Y_(δB)的生理小种Y_δ过去曾在山东和山西采集的条銹菌标样中发現过,这一事实和碧螞一号在愈来愈广泛的区域內丧失抗銹性的現象是符合的。早洋麦、金大4197、驪英一号及农大6号是对Y_(δB)小种高度抵抗的品种。
Experiments show that temperature and light have a great impact on the resistance to wheat stripe rust. Due to the difficulty of physiologically identifying races due to the instability of wheat cultivars against stripe rust, resolution of the temperature and light can be basically achieved. Identification of stripe rust races is best performed at 15 ° C with constant temperature and constant light. With fluorescent lamps as the light source, the light intensity to maintain 4,000 Lux, 16 hours daily irradiation is sufficient to make the normal incidence of wheat varieties. As the temperature gradually increases, the wheat variety becomes more resistant to infection. The temperature transition point from resistant to resistant is different due to the different combinations of species and physiological races. Among the 60 racial races, there are 8 combinations that have become resistant from 15 ℃, ranging from 20 There were 15 combinations that became resistant, 18 combinations that became resistant at 25 ° C, and 16 combinations that were resistant at 10-25 ° C. Highly disease-resistant cultivars such as Zao Yang Mai, Jinda 4197, Liying No. 1 and so on all the light intensity (sunlight 40.000 Lux and tungsten and fluorescent lamps artificial light intensity of 8,000 Lux, 6,500 Lux, 5,000 Lux, 2,500 Lux and 1,200Lux.) And various lighting time (fluorescent light source, 4,000 Lux, different lighting time daily 8,12,16 and 24 hours) are resistant to disease. Yan 1885, a highly susceptible variety, is all infectious under all light intensities and various light exposures. The amount of spores produced increases with light intensity and light time. Other susceptible varieties of light changes in response to more complex. To measure the disease resistance of wheat cultivars and the pathogenicity of different races, the reaction type, the number of spore piles and the range of environmental conditions that produce the spore piles should also be considered. The race Y_ (δB), which was collected from Bi-1, proved to be an extremely dangerous physiological race. Because it severely affected the wheat of Bi-le system due to its greater temperature variation (10 ℃ -20 ℃) And still produce spores at 25 ℃. Physiological race Y_δ, similar to Y_ (δB), was found in stripe rust samples collected in Shandong and Shanxi in the past, and the fact that Bi-No-1 lost its rust resistance in an increasingly widespread area Is consistent. Zao Yang Mai, Jinda 4197, Liying 1 and Nongda 6 are varieties with high resistance to Y_ (δB) races.