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知识产权中的强制许可制度作为一项重要的权利限制制度,存在于TRIPS协议及多部条约法律中。我国现有知识产权法仅在专利法领域做出了一些有关强制许可的规定,这些规定并没有充分利用TRIPS协议和有关国际条约为我们提供的空间,在有些强制许可运用的审查上过于严格,导致强制许可没有在我国起到应有的保护社会公共利益,限制权利无限扩张的作用。通过对比TRIPS协议及相关条约和我国知识产权法对强制许可的规定,可以为在我国专利法、著作权法和商标法中建立强制许可制度提供借鉴。
The system of compulsory licensing in intellectual property, as an important system of rights limitation, exists in the TRIPS Agreement and in a number of treaty laws. The existing intellectual property laws in our country only make some provisions on compulsory licenses in the field of patent law. These provisions do not make full use of the space provided for us by the TRIPS agreement and relevant international treaties. They are too strict in examining the use of some compulsory licenses, As a result, compulsory licensing has not played its due role in protecting the public interests of our society and limiting the unlimited expansion of our rights. By comparing the TRIPS agreement and related treaties and the provisions of our country’s intellectual property law on compulsory licensing, we can provide reference for the establishment of the compulsory licensing system in China’s patent law, copyright law and trademark law.