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在过去十年里,法国电力局(EDF)国家水工研究所(LNH)开展了求解流体力学方程的数值模拟,并应用于各种工业和环境问题。本文的第一部分叙述了一些常用的数值方法,特别介绍了按照特征线求解对流问题的某些数值算法。同时也叙述了为能更好地描述几何特性所采用的方法及其改进(如直线网格,曲线网格和有限元网格)。第二部分通过法国电力局所做的几个在不同流体力学领域中的应用实例来论述这些进展。
Over the past decade, the EDF National Institute of Hydraulic Engineering (LNH) conducted numerical simulations to solve hydrodynamic equations and applied them to a variety of industrial and environmental issues. The first part of this article describes some commonly used numerical methods, in particular, presents some numerical algorithms for solving convection problems according to characteristic lines. It also describes the methods and their improvements (such as linear, curvilinear and finite element meshes) used to better describe the geometry. The second part discusses these developments through several examples of applications by the French electricity authority in different fields of fluid mechanics.