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生物技术的最近进展给疫苗（尤其是重组疫苗）的开发提供了新方法。菌苗载体优于病毒载体的地方是前者能够表达大量不同的抗原。尽管目前尚没有重组菌苗载体投入应用,卡介苗（BCG）、沙门菌和大肠杆菌作为菌苗载体正在研制之中,本文综述了用于表达外源抗原的质粒系统和突变株（着重于与BCG有关的质粒系统和突变株）的建立,还介绍了抗原表达系统方面的进展,以及重组BCG菌株诱导的对细菌抗原和人类免疫缺陷症病毒（HIV）抗原的免疫应答,并提出能稳定维持重组DNA（rDNA）的改良的重组BCG载体的选择。
Recent advances in biotechnology have provided a new approach to the development of vaccines, especially recombinant vaccines. Where the bacterin carrier is superior to the viral vector, the former is capable of expressing a large number of different antigens. Although no recombinant bacterin vectors are currently in use, BCG, Salmonella and Escherichia coli are under development as bacterin vectors. Plasmid systems and mutants used to express foreign antigens are reviewed Related plasmids and mutants), advances in antigen expression systems, and immune responses induced by recombinant BCG strains against bacterial antigens and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens were also introduced and suggested that stable maintenance of recombinant Selection of a Modified Recombinant BCG Vector for DNA (rDNA).