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四川横断山区既是长江上游最重要的生态屏障,又是我国新时期扶贫攻坚的重点区域。2004年,以生态环境保护和反贫困为目标的生态移民工程在这里开始试点,两年的实践证明,生态移民的双重目标直接导致移民意愿的双重性,出现了生态移民大部分为非自愿移民,小部分为自愿移民的特点。针对这一特点,四川横断山区出现了四种生态移民安置模式,即:高山农业居民移民模式——人林异位;高寒草原移民模式——退牧还草;干旱河谷区移民模式——易地致富工程;横断山区边缘区——市场化引导的自愿移民。四种模式并存的局面,为成功实施生态移民提供了更多的选择。
The Hengduan Mountains in Sichuan is not only the most important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, but also the key area for tackling poverty in our country in the new period. In 2004, the project of ecological migration, which aimed at ecological environment protection and anti-poverty, started its pilot project here. Two years ’practice proved that the dual goal of ecological migration directly led to the duality of immigrants’ wishes. Most of the ecological migrants appeared as involuntary resettlement , A small part of the characteristics of voluntary immigrants. In response to this feature, four ecological resettlement patterns have emerged in the Hengduan Mountains in Sichuan, namely: Alpine farming mode of immigrant - Ectopic alpine grassland; alpine grassland immigration model - returning grazing land to grassland; Rich projects; Hengduan Mountains marginal zone - the market-oriented voluntary resettlement. The coexistence of the four modes has provided more choices for the successful implementation of eco-migration.