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为准确把握中国工业水资源利用及水污染排放的地区特征和变动趋势,采用DEA方法测算了中国28个地区2003—2012年的工业用水效率和水污染排放效率,分析发现:考虑水环境约束后,西部少数地区的工业TFP出现负增长;工业用水效率整体上在不断上升,但超过1/3的地区与技术前沿面的差距扩大;京津沪和西部少数几个落后地区的工业水污染物排放效率相对较高,广大中、西部地区的工业部门表现出高耗水、高污染的生产方式;部分地区工业水污染排放效率出现下降,贵州、云南、甘肃、宁夏、新疆等西部地区的下降幅度较大。研究结果表明,地区间工业用水技术差距仍然较大,西部落后地区工业化加速蕴含着较大环境风险,可能导致更为严峻的水资源形势。
In order to accurately grasp the regional characteristics and trends of industrial water use and water pollution discharge in China, the DEA method was used to estimate the efficiency of industrial water use and the efficiency of water pollution discharge in 28 regions of China from 2003 to 2012. The results showed that: after considering the constraints of water environment , The industrial TFP in a few western regions showed a negative growth; the efficiency of industrial water use as a whole was on the rise, but the gap with more than one third of the country’s technological frontier was widening; and industrial water pollutants discharged from Beijing, Tianjin and a few backward areas in the west Efficiency is relatively high, and the industrial sectors in the middle and west regions show a pattern of high water consumption and high pollution. The efficiency of industrial water pollution emissions in some areas has declined. The declines in Guizhou, Yunnan, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang and other western regions have declined. Larger. The results show that there is still a large gap between industrial water technologies in different regions, and the acceleration of industrialization in the backward regions of the western region poses greater environmental risks, which may lead to a more severe water resource situation.