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19世纪70年代,民族资本主义逐渐兴起,以郑观应、王韬等为代表的早期维新派思想家面对民族危亡,提出了一些兴女学的思想和主张,成为近代中国最早关注女子教育的思想家。甲午战后,以康梁等为首的男性精英们,进一步认识到了女子教育问题与国家兴亡之间的密切关系,推动了兴女学思想继续向前发展。进入20世纪,受维新人士的启发和鼓噪,早期知识女性们的女性主体意识逐渐觉醒,并试图从自身经历出发解读女子教育问题,标志着维新语境下的兴女学思想达到了高潮。尽管维新语境下的兴女学思想还没有达到系统化、全面化,但它却开创了五四时期兴女学思想的新局面。
In the 1870s, national capitalism gradually emerged. Early-stage reformist thinkers represented by Zheng Guanying and Wang Tao faced the national crisis and put forward some ideas and propositions to promote female learning. They became the earliest thinkers in modern China who paid close attention to women’s education. After the Sino-Japanese War, the male elites led by Kang Liang further recognized the close relationship between the problem of women’s education and the rise and fall of the country, and promoted the development of Xing-school theory. In the 20th century, inspired by the newcomers, the female consciousness of the early knowledge women gradually awakened and tried to interpret the issue of women’s education from their own experiences, marking the climax of the thought of developing female literature in the context of reform. Although the Xing-fei’s thought under the new context has not yet been systematized and comprehensive, it has created a new situation in the thought of developing feminism in the May 4th Movement.