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目的了解深圳市福田区印刷企业使用的有机溶剂主要挥发性组分及有机溶剂使用现状,为指导辖区印刷行业职业病防治工作提供科学依据。方法对2010—2012年间辖区内86家印刷企业189份有机溶剂挥发性组分检测结果及使用信息调查结果进行分类汇总。结果辖区内86家印刷企业抽检的189份有机溶剂检出的主要化学物质有烷烃类、苯系物、醇类、酯类、酮类、烯烃等化学物,其中检出前3位的化学物质分别为正己烷(27.0%)、甲苯(26.0%)、甲醇(25.4%),企业能准确提供其使用的有机溶剂成分的仅3份(1.6%);86家印刷企业以小型企业(93.0%)、私营企业(72.1%)为主,设置有效的局部排风设施的企业为15家(17.4%),能提供周全、有效个人防护用品企业的仅6家(7.0%),设置宣传栏的有22家(25.6%)、作业场所粘贴警示标志的有32家(37.2%),有劳动者培训制度及培训记录的12家(14.0%)。结论正己烷、甲苯是目前辖区内印刷企业的主要职业病危害因素,印刷企业有机溶剂使用极不规范,亟需加大对辖区内的印刷企业职业病防治工作的监管力度,促使企业加强对有机溶剂使用的管理,积极采取预防有机溶剂危害的措施,减少职业病危害事故的发生。
Objective To understand the use status of the main volatile components and organic solvents used by printing enterprises in Futian District of Shenzhen City to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in the printing industry in the guide area. Methods The data of 189 volatile organic compounds in 86 printing enterprises from 2010 to 2012 were collected and analyzed. Results The main chemical substances detected by the 86 printing enterprises in the area were 189 kinds of organic solvents, including alkanes, benzene compounds, alcohols, esters, ketones, olefins and other chemicals. Among them, the first three chemical substances (27.0%), toluene (26.0%) and methanol (25.4%) respectively. Enterprises can accurately provide only 3 (1.6%) of the organic solvent components used by them. 86 printing companies are small-sized enterprises (93.0% ), Private enterprises (72.1%), 15 enterprises (17.4%) with effective local ventilation facilities, only 6 (7.0%) of well-equipped and effective personal protective equipment businesses, and the setting of billboards There were 22 (25.6%), 32 (37.2%) with warning signs affixed to the workplace, and 12 (14.0%) with employee training systems and training records. Conclusion n-Hexane and Toluene are the main occupational hazards in the printing enterprises in the area. The use of organic solvents in printing enterprises is extremely non-standard. There is an urgent need to intensify the supervision on the prevention and control of occupational diseases among printing enterprises in the area and urge enterprises to strengthen the use of organic solvents Of the management, and actively take measures to prevent the hazards of organic solvents to reduce the occurrence of occupational hazards.