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研究了棉花 (Gossypium hirsutum L.)组织培养中异常苗发生的类型、规律、影响因素及转化为正常苗的途径及技术。结果表明 ,在棉花组织培养中异常苗发生的频率极高 ,且形式多样 ,大体可分为生长点异常苗、叶片异常苗、胚轴异常苗、联体苗、丛生叶苗、单叶苗、玻璃化苗、白化苗、褐化苗和重新愈伤化苗等 1 0类。其中生长点异常苗和叶片异常苗最为常见。影响异常苗形成的因素很多 ,其中主要有外植体种类、培养基组成、培养方式和培养时间。有的异常苗来源于畸形胚 ,有的异常苗由正常苗转化而来。在合适的条件下异常苗可转化为正常苗 ,但不同培养基对异常苗转化为正常苗的影响不同 ,且不同基因型的异常苗转化为正常苗的能力也有差别。此外 ,从外界调控机制与棉花培养细胞的内在发育机制的相互作用方面讨论了造成棉花组织培养异常苗发生的原因 ;并讨论了降低异常苗产生频率的技术途径和异常苗存在对棉花组织培养的影响
The types, rules and influencing factors of the abnormal shoots in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) tissue culture and the ways and techniques of transforming them into normal shoots were studied. The results showed that the occurrence frequency of abnormal seedlings was very high in cotton tissue culture and varied in form, which could be divided into abnormal seedlings, abnormal leaves, abnormal hypocotyls, common seedlings, tufted leaves, Vitrification seedlings, albino seedlings, browning seedlings and re-callus seedlings and other 10 categories. Among them, the abnormal growth point and the seedlings are the most common seedlings. Affect the formation of abnormal seedlings many factors, including the main types of explants, medium composition, culture methods and culture time. Some abnormal seedlings from abnormal embryos, and some abnormal seedlings transformed from normal seedlings. Under appropriate conditions, the abnormal seedlings can be transformed into normal seedlings, but the effects of different culture media on the transformation of the abnormal seedling into normal seedlings are different, and the ability of different seedlings of normal genotypes to transform into normal seedlings is also different. In addition, we discussed the reasons that caused the abnormal shoots in cotton tissue culture from the interaction between the external regulatory mechanism and the inner developmental mechanism of cotton cultured cells. We also discussed the ways to reduce the frequency of abnormal shoots and the effects of abnormal shoots on cotton tissue culture influences