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以项城市地下水为主要研究对象,采用主成分分析方法和Q型层次聚类分析方法,辨别地下水化学变化不同来源,以判断地下水化学组成的主要控制因素。采用主成分分析方法,对102个地下水化学组成提取特征值大于1的5个主成分,累计贡献率达到73.10%。主成分1显示,TDS、总硬度、Clˉ、Cd和Pb具有良好的正相关关系,表明地下水水质可能受到来自于工业废水的影响;主成分2显示,Fˉ、Iˉ和pH值具有良好的正相关关系,表明地下水水质受到水-岩作用的影响;主成分3显示,K~+和P具有很好的相关性,与Cr也具有较好的相关性,表明地下水受化学肥料的影响;主成分4显示,COD、氨氮和Cu具有较好的相关性,表明地下水受到生活污水的影响;主成分5显示,NOˉ_3和NOˉ_2具有正相关性,表明地下水受化学肥料的影响,二者与Mn具有负相关性,表明地下水存在部分还原环境。Q型层次聚类分析将项城市102个地下水水样分为4组:1)受工业废水入渗潜在影响的地下水,其TDS、总硬度、NOˉ_3、Clˉ、Pb、Cd、Cd和Ba质量浓度较高,pH值较低,主要分布在研究区的北部、中部和东南部,占研究区比例为28.4%;2)受生活污水入渗和农业面源污染潜在影响的地下水,其K~+、Cu、P、COD、NH~+_4和NOˉ_2质量浓度较高,主要分布在研究区的中北部和中南部,占研究区比例为17.6%;3)受水-岩相互作用潜在影响的地下水,其Iˉ、Fˉ和pH值质量浓度较高,地下水埋深最深,分布较分散,占研究区比例为12.7%;4)混合水,其上述离子质量浓度中等,主要分布在研究区的中西部和南部,占研究区比例为41.3%。结果表明,研究区地下水污染与工业废水、生活污水和农业面源污染等有密切关系,且地下水埋深越浅,地下水污染程度越高。
Taking Xiangcheng groundwater as the main research object, principal components analysis and Q-level hierarchical clustering analysis are used to identify different sources of groundwater chemical changes to determine the main controlling factors of groundwater chemical composition. Using principal component analysis, five principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted from 102 groundwater chemical compositions, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 73.10%. Principal component 1 showed a good positive correlation between TDS, total hardness, Clˉ, Cd and Pb, indicating that groundwater quality may be affected by industrial wastewater. Principal component 2 shows a positive correlation between Fˉ, Iˉ and pH The results show that the water quality of groundwater is influenced by water-rock effect. Principal component 3 shows that K + has a good correlation with P and has a good correlation with Cr, indicating that the groundwater is affected by chemical fertilizers. The main component 4 shows that there is a good correlation between COD, ammonia nitrogen and Cu, indicating that the groundwater is affected by domestic sewage. The principal component 5 shows that there is a positive correlation between NOˉ_3 and NOˉ_2, indicating that groundwater is affected by chemical fertilizers, Correlation, indicating that there is some groundwater reduction environment. The Q-type hierarchical cluster analysis divides 102 groundwater samples in Xiangcheng into four groups: 1) Groundwater with potential impact on industrial wastewater infiltration has TDS, total hardness, mass concentration of NOˉ_3, Clˉ, Pb, Cd, Cd and Ba Higher and lower pH values, which mainly distributed in the northern, central and southeastern part of the study area, accounting for 28.4% of the study area; 2) groundwater with potential impacts of domestic sewage infiltration and agricultural non-point source pollution, , And the concentrations of Cu, P, COD, NH ~ + _4 and NOˉ_2 were high, which were mainly distributed in the central and northern part of the study area and in the south-central part of the study area, accounting for 17.6% of the study area. 3) Groundwater potential affected by water-rock interaction , The Iˉ, Fˉ and pH values were higher, the depth of groundwater was the deepest, and the distribution was more dispersed, accounting for 12.7% of the study area. 4) The mixed water had medium ion concentration above average and mainly distributed in the central and western part of the study area And south, accounting for 41.3% of the study area. The results show that the groundwater pollution in the study area is closely related to industrial wastewater, domestic sewage and agricultural non-point source pollution, and the shallower the groundwater depth, the higher the degree of groundwater pollution.